4 Results

4.1 Field Review

In the field in September and early October 2024 we were able to survey approximately 12 km of Bulkley and Buck mainstem along with 1.5 km of Johnny David and Richfield. Within those areas and elsewhere we reviewed:

14 past prescription sites from NCFDC (1998)
6 prescription locations from the Wet’suwet’en First Nation 2016 report (2 sites were mapped in high resolution with a drone),
6 past Healthy Watersheds Initiative sites
7 newly proposed sites including both Groot fencing locations, 3 sites on the Wilson property and 2 previously undocumented sites on Mients’ property (3 sites were mapped in high resolution with a drone)
3 erosion protection sites in the Fraser (on the Lower Chilako River) completed by Chelton VanGloven (2 sites were mapped in high resolution with a drone)

At the time of writing - most of the raw information from this fieldwork was viewable within layers stored the shared QGIS project in the Project Specific/Field Data/2024 group. Many of the photos from site visits documented in those layers are within the GIS project as well (in desktop QGIS project they are in the ignore_mobile/photos directory).

A brief summary of result is below:

A recurring theme we observed where prescriptions were drafted and/or where work has been completed or proposed was obvious impacts related to riparian/floodplain vegetation removal and damage to sensitive areas due to cattle trampling and cattle waste products.
At past sites where investments have been made - there were insignificant widths set aside for riparian/floodplain vegetation restoration/recovery.
The protection of road and rail infrastructure through streambank armoring is not adequately incorporating best practices for vegetating riprap, soft armouring where possible and establishing/restoring effective riparian buffers.

4.2 Collaborative GIS Environment

A summary of background information layers loaded to the background_layers.gpkg geopackage of the restoration_wedzin_kwa project at the time of writing are included in Table 4.1.

# first we will copy the doc from the Q project to this repo - the location of the Q project is outside of the repo!!
q_path_stub <- "~/Projects/gis/restoration_wedzin_kwa/"

rfp_tracking_raw <- sf::st_read(paste0(q_path_stub, "background_layers.gpkg"),
            layer = "rfp_tracking",
            quite = TRUE)

# grab the metadata
md <- rfp::rfp_meta_bcd_xref()

# remove the `_vw` from the end of content
rfp_tracking_prep <- dplyr::left_join(
  rfp_tracking_raw %>% 
    dplyr::arrange(desc(timestamp)) %>% 
    dplyr::distinct(content, .keep_all = FALSE),
  
  md |> 
    dplyr::select(content = object_name, url = url_browser, description),
  
  by = "content"
) |> 
    dplyr::mutate(url = dplyr::case_when(
    stringr::str_detect(content, "bcfishobs|bcfishpass") ~ "https://smnorris.github.io/bcfishpass/06_data_dictionary.html",
    TRUE ~ url)) |>
  arrange(content)

rfp_tracking_prep %>% 
  readr::write_csv("data/rfp_tracking_prep.csv")

rfp_tracking_prep <- readr::read_csv(
  "data/rfp_tracking_prep.csv"
)

rfp_tracking_prep %>% 
  fpr::fpr_kable(caption_text = "Layers loaded to collaborative GIS project.",
                 footnote_text = "Metadata information for bcfishpass and bcfishobs layers can be provided here in the future but  currently can usually be sourced from https://smnorris.github.io/bcfishpass/06_data_dictionary.html .")

Table 4.1: Layers loaded to collaborative GIS project.
content	url	description
bcfishobs.fiss_fish_obsrvtn_events_vw	https://smnorris.github.io/bcfishpass/06_data_dictionary.html	–
bcfishpass.crossings_vw	https://smnorris.github.io/bcfishpass/06_data_dictionary.html	–
bcfishpass.streams_vw	https://smnorris.github.io/bcfishpass/06_data_dictionary.html	–
reg_legal_and_admin_boundaries.qsoi_bc_regions	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/69ea1b64-e7ce-481c-b0b5-e6450111697d	Statement of Intent Boundaries Registered with the BC Treaty Commission at date of production
whse_admin_boundaries.clab_indian_reserves	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/8efe9193-80d2-4fdf-a18c-d531a94196ad	Provide the administrative boundaries (extent) of Canada Lands which includes Indian Reserves. Administrative boundaries were compiled from Legal Surveys Division’s cadastral datasets and survey records archived in the Canada Lands Survey Records. See the Natural Resource Canada’s GeoGratis website, Aboriginal Lands.
whse_admin_boundaries.clab_national_parks	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/88e61a14-19a0-46ab-bdae-f68401d3d0fb	This dataset provides the administrative boundaries of National Parks and National Park Reserves within the province of British Columbia. Administrative boundaries were compiled from Legal Surveys Division’s cadastral datasets and survey records archived in the Canada Lands Survey Records. Canada Lands Administrative Boundaries (CLAB) were adjusted to match British Columbia’s authoritative base mapping features. The Fresh Water Atlas (FWA) was used for streams, rivers, coastlines, and height of land. The Integrated Cadastral Fabric (ICF) was used for parcel boundaries. Tantalis Cadastre was used where ICF parcels were not available.
whse_basemapping.bcgs_20k_grid	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/a61976ac-d8e8-4862-851e-d105227b6525	BCGS 1:20,000 scale grid. The British Columbia Geographic System is a geographic system in which the coverage in minutes and seconds of longitude is double the coverage in minutes and seconds of latitude for sheets at all scales
whse_basemapping.bcgs_5k_grid	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/8376b3b3-3103-4055-a952-ca7e937e8171	British Columbia Geographic System 1:5,000 scale mapsheet grid. Each mapsheet is one fourth of a 1:10,000 mapsheet numbered 1 through 4. The neatlines were defined and created in geographic units and reprojected to BC Albers. Each of the mapsheets is 0.75 minutes (45 seconds) latitude by 1.50 minutes (90 seconds) longitude. The British Columbia Geographic System is a geographic system in which the coverage in minutes and seconds of longitude is double the coverage in minutes and seconds of latitude for sheets at all scales
whse_basemapping.cwb_floodplains_bc_area_svw	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/cdf4900e-90c0-449f-beea-43b669bd76a8	Historical floodplain boundaries in BC with a descriptive feature name for each floodplain area (i.e., 200-year floodplain, alluvial fan, or nothing/out-of-floodplain). Digitized from hardcopy 1:5,000 Floodplain Mapsheets for each project area
whse_basemapping.dbm_mof_50k_grid	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/06b6837e-7632-46f3-8052-4f1a7c123c5d	BCGS 1:50,000 scale grid. The British Columbia Geographic System is a geographic system in which the coverage in minutes and seconds of longitude is double the coverage in minutes and seconds of latitude for sheets at all scales
whse_basemapping.fwa_glaciers_poly	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/8f2aee65-9f4c-4f72-b54c-0937dbf3e6f7	Glaciers and ice masses for the province, derived from aerial imagery flown in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Please refer to the Glaciers dataset for recent glacier extents in British Columbia, and Historical Glaciers for a comparable historic view.
whse_basemapping.fwa_lakes_poly	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/cb1e3aba-d3fe-4de1-a2d4-b8b6650fb1f6	All lake polygons for the province
whse_basemapping.fwa_manmade_waterbodies_poly	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/055fd71e-b771-4d47-a863-8a54f91a954c	All manmade waterbodies, including reservoirs and canals, for the province
whse_basemapping.fwa_wetlands_poly	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/93b413d8-1840-4770-9629-641d74bd1cc6	All wetland polygons for the province
whse_basemapping.gba_railway_tracks_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/4ff93cda-9f58-4055-a372-98c22d04a9f8	This layer contains railway tracks within BC from GeoBase’s National Railway Network (NRWN) dataset.
whse_basemapping.gba_transmission_lines_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/384d551b-dee1-4df8-8148-b3fcf865096a	High voltage electrical transmission lines for distributing power throughout the province. Lines were derived from several data sources representing unique inventories: BC Hydro, Private, Independent Power Producers, and Terrain Resource Information Management (TRIM). Voltage information is not currently available on the public version of this dataset as per publication agreement with BC Hydro.
whse_basemapping.transport_line	–	–
whse_basemapping.utmg_utm_zones_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/fc999f51-306a-4adf-9b19-63b2d3c38348	Portions of Universal Transverse Mercator Zones 7 - 12 which cover British Columbia, Northern Hemisphere only, formed into polygons, in BC Albers projection
whse_cadastre.pmbc_parcel_fabric_poly_svw	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/4cf233c2-f020-4f7a-9b87-1923252fbc24	ParcelMap BC is the current, complete and trusted mapped representation of titled and Crown land parcels across British Columbia, considered to be the point of truth for the graphical representation of property boundaries. It is not the authoritative source for the legal property boundary or related records attributes; this will always be the plan of survey or the related registry information. This particular dataset is a subset of the complete ParcelMap BC data and is comprised of the parcel fabric and attributes for over two million parcels published under the Open Government Licence - British Columbia. Notes: Parcel title information is sourced from the BC Land Title Register. Title questions should be directed to a local Land Title Office. This dataset replaces the Integrated Cadastral Fabric.
whse_environmental_monitoring.ems_monitoring_locn_types_svw	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/634ee4e0-c8f7-4971-b4de-12901b0b4be6	Environmental Monitoring Stations (EMS) spatial points coverage for the Province by LOCATION TYPES. The following spatial layers reference this as a data source: Environmental Monitoring - All Stations Environmental Monitoring Stations - Air Monitoring (Ambient Air Site) Environmental Monitoring Stations - Air Monitoring (Air Permit) Environmental Monitoring Stations - Water Sites (Water Monitoring) Environmental Monitoring Stations - Water Sites (Water Permits) Environmental Monitoring Stations - Water Sites (Well) Environmental Monitoring Stations - Water Sites (Observation Well) Environmental Monitoring Stations - Water Sites (Spring)
whse_environmental_monitoring.envcan_hydrometric_stn_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/4c169515-6c41-4f6a-bd30-19a1f45cad1f	BC active and discontinued hydrometric stations (surface water level and flow data) that are part of the provincial hydrometric network managed under a national program jointly administered under a federal-provincial cost-sharing agreement with Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC).
whse_fish.fiss_obstacles_pnt_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/35bbac7c-2e2f-4587-9108-f4aa1e862809	The Provincial Obstacles to Fish Passage theme presents records of all known obstacles to fish passage from several fisheries datasets. Records from the following datasets have been included: The Fisheries Information Summary System (FISS); the Fish Habitat Inventory and Information Program (FHIIP); the Field Data Information System (FDIS) and the Resource Analysis Branch (RAB) inventory studies. The main intent of this layer is to have a single layer of all known obstacles to fish passage. It is important to note that not all waterbodies have been studied and, not all lengths of many waterbodies have been studied so there are a very high number of obstacles in the real world that are not recorded in this dataset. This layer simply reports the obstacles to fish that are known. It is also very important to note that we are acknowledging these features as obstacles to fish passage versus barriers to fish passage. This is because an obstacle may be a barrier at one time of year but not at other times depending on the volume of water present and also, what is a barrier to one species of fish is not necessarily a barrier to another species.
whse_fish.fiss_stream_sample_sites_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/e616864b-8991-42d1-a2f9-4d4402c32be8	This spatial layer displays stream inventory sample sites that have had full or partial surveys, and contains measurements or indicator information of the data collected at each survey site on each date.
whse_fish.pscis_assessment_svw	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/7ecfafa6-5e18-48cd-8d9b-eae5b5ea2881	Points where a fish passage assessment has been performed on a stream crossing structure. These includes culverts, bridges, fords, etc. The assessments are carried out to determine whether fish are able to migrate through the structure.
whse_fish.pscis_design_proposal_svw	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/0c9df95f-a2da-4a7d-b9cb-fea3e8926661	Points where a fish passage assessment has been performed on a stream crossing structure and found to be a failure. Design points have been identified as a priority for remediation based on a variety of potential criteria: quality of habitat upstream, quantity of fish habitat upstream, number and importance of species present, operational plans for the road cost of the proposed remediation, etc. They are sites where the amount of habitat to be gained by remediation has been confirmed and where a design has actually been completed.
whse_fish.pscis_habitat_confirmation_svw	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/572595ab-0a25-452a-a857-1b6bb9c30495	Points where an evaluation of the fish habitat up and downstream of a road crossing have been carried out. Phase 2 of 4 in the Fish Passage Workflow, Habitat Confirmations are done at sites where the crossing structure is known to be a failure. The Habitat Confirmation is performed to ensure that the site in question is a good candidate for moving on to the Design (Phase 3) and Remediation (Phase 4) stages of the workflow. The Habitat Confirmation confirms the crossing is a barrier, places the crossing in context with respect to other roads and crossings in the watershed and also quantifies and qualifies how much habitat will be gained if the site is fixed.
whse_fish.pscis_remediation_svw	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/1596afbf-f427-4f26-9bca-d78bceddf485	Points where a barrier to fish passage has been rectified or remediated. This is the third phase in the process and can only follow after 1. An assessment has been performed on a stream crossing structure and has found that structure to be a barrier to fish passage. 2. The site has been identified as a priority for remediation based on a variety of potential criteria: quality of habitat upstream, quantity of fish habitat upstream, number and importance of species present, operational plans for the road, cost of the proposed remediation, etc. 3. a design has been created for the site
whse_fish.wdic_waterbody_route_line_svw	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/9c3f8dd6-d715-4e3c-aa9b-cd8e26f9906d	Stream routes. Each stream channel is represented by a single line. Derived from the Stream Centreline Network Spatial layer and based on the 1:50,000 scale Canadian National Topographic Series of Maps.
whse_forest_tenure.ften_range_poly_carto_vw	–	–
whse_forest_tenure.ften_road_section_lines_svw	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/243c94a1-f275-41dc-bc37-91d8a2b26e10	This is a spatial layer that reflects operational activities for road sections contained within a road permit. The Forest Tenures Section (FTS) is responsible for the creation and maintenance of digital Forest Atlas files for the province of British Columbia encompassing Forest and Range Act Tenures. It also supports the forest resources programs delivered by MoFR
whse_forest_vegetation.bec_biogeoclimatic_poly	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/f358a53b-ffde-4830-a325-a5a03ff672c3	The current and most detailed version of the approved corporate provincial digital Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification (BEC) Zone/Subzone/Variant/Phase map (version 12, September 2, 2021). Use this version when performing GIS analysis regardless of scale. This mapping is deliberately extended across the ocean, lakes, glaciers, etc to facilitate intersection with a terrestrial landcover layer of your choice
whse_forest_vegetation.veg_burn_severity_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/c58a54e5-76b7-4921-94a7-b5998484e697	This layer is the one-year-later burn severity classification for large fires (greater than 100 ha). Burn severity mapping is conducted using best available pre- and post-fire satellite multispectral imagery acquired by the MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) aboard the Sentinel-2 satellite or the Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor aboard the Landsat-8 and 9 satellites. The post-fire imagery is acquired during the subsequent growing season. Mapping conducted during the subsequent growing season benefits from greater post-fire image availability and is expected to be more representative of tree mortality. Every attempt is made to use cloud, smoke, shadow and snow-free imagery that was acquired prior to September 30th. Please note, this layer is 1-year-later burn severity dataset. The same-year burn severity mapping dataset (WHSE_FOREST_VEGETATION.VEG_BURN_SEVERITY_SAME_YR_SP) is considered an interim product to this layer. 4.2.0.1 Methodology: • Select suitable pre- and post-fire imagery or create a cloud/snow/smoke-free composite from multiple images scenes • Calculate normalized burn severity ratio (NBR) for pre- and post-fire images • Calculate difference NBR (dNBR) where dNBR = pre NBR – post NBR • Apply a scaling equation (dNBR_scaled = dNBR*1000 + 275)/5) • Apply BARC thresholds (76, 110, 187) to create a 4-class image (unburned, low severity, medium severity, and high severity) • Apply region-based filters to reduce noise • Confirm burn severity analysis results through visual quality control • Produce a vector dataset and apply Euclidian distance smoothing
whse_forest_vegetation.veg_comp_lyr_r1_poly	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/2ebb35d8-c82f-4a17-9c96-612ac3532d55	Geospatial forest inventory dataset updated for depletions, such as harvesting, and projected annually for growth. Sample attributes in this dataset include: age, species, volume, height. The Vegetation Resources Inventory (VRI) spatial datasets describe both where a vegetation resource (ie timber volume, tree species) is located and how much of a given resource is within an inventory unit. Suggested citation: Forest Analysis and Inventory Branch (2024). VRI - 2023 - Forest Vegetation Composite Rank 1 Layer (R1). British Columbia Data Catalogue. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/2ebb35d8-c82f-4a17-9c96-612ac3532d55
whse_imagery_and_base_maps.aimg_orthophoto_tiles_poly	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/60d873d3-2e91-4c56-8e30-e5cb2872d1f8	A set of polygons representing the geographic coverage of all individual orthophotos from the provincial collection that are available for sale to the public.
whse_imagery_and_base_maps.mot_culverts_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/89d44ba6-7236-48ed-afab-f25a98c846ef	A Culvert is a pipe (less than 3m in diameter) or half-round flume used to transport or drain water under or away from the road and/or right of way. Culverts that are greater than or equal to 3m in diameter are stored in the MoT Bridge Structure Road Dataset. It is a Point feature
whse_imagery_and_base_maps.mot_road_structure_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/86732641-963e-4329-8aeb-5bbfe35d2dde	The Road Structures on the highway that are maintained by the Ministry. Highway structures include bridges, culverts (greater than or equal to 3m diameter), retaining walls (perpendicular height greater than or equal to 2m), sign bridges, tunnels/snowsheds. Information is recorded in the Bridge Management Information System (BMIS)
whse_land_and_natural_resource.prot_historical_fire_polys_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/22c7cb44-1463-48f7-8e47-88857f207702	Wildfire perimeters for all fire seasons before the current year. Supplied through various sources. Not to be used for legal purposes. These perimeters may be updated periodically during the year. On April 1 of each year the previous year’s fire perimeters are merged into this dataset
whse_land_use_planning.rmp_ogma_non_legal_current_svw	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/f063bff2-d8dd-4cc3-b3a4-00165aba58e1	This ‘Current’ spatial data layer is publicly accessible, contains the most current Non-Legal Old Growth Management Area (OGMA) polygons and excludes any sensitive information. This data represents spatially defined areas of old growth forest that are identified during landscape unit planning or an operational planning process. Forest licensees are not required to follow direction provided by non-legal OGMAs when preparing FSPs, and may choose to manage required old growth biodiversity targets in other ways. OGMAs, in combination with other areas where forestry development is prevented or constrained, are used to achieve biodiversity targets. Please see the Additional Information and Object Description Comments below.
whse_legal_admin_boundaries.abms_municipalities_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/e3c3c580-996a-4668-8bc5-6aa7c7dc4932	Legally defined Municipal polygons were drawn from metes and bounds descriptions as written in Letters Patent for Municipalities in the province of British Columbia. In the event of a discrepancy in the data, the metes and bounds description will prevail. Although the boundaries were drawn based on the legal metes and bounds descriptions, they may differ from how regional districts and their member municipalities and electoral areas currently view and/or manage their boundaries. Where discrepancies are noted, the Ministry of Municipal Affairs (the custodian) enters into discussion with the local governments whose boundaries are affected. In order to effect a change to the boundary, Cabinet approval is required. This is done through an Order in Council (OIC). While discrepancies to administrative boundaries are being resolved, boundaries may be adjusted on an ongoing basis until the requested changes are completed. The OIC_YEAR and OIC_NUMBER fields indicate the year that the boundary was passed under OIC and its associated number. The AFFECTED_ADMIN_AREA_ABRVN identifies the administrative areas that are affected by the OIC. See all of the administrative areas currently in the Administrative Boundaries Management System (ABMS). The complimentary point dataset that defines the administrative areas is also available. Other individual legally defined administrative area datasets are available from the following records: Regional Districts Electoral Areas [Province of British Columbia](https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.c
whse_mineral_tenure.og_pipeline_area_appl_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/b02092f9-b053-438b-9e86-157477d78faa	Applications for land authorizations representing the right of way for pipeline activities. This dataset contains polygon features for proposed applications collected through the BC Energy Regulator’s Application Management System (AMS). This dataset is updated nightly.
whse_mineral_tenure.og_pipeline_area_permit_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/e1500359-d6a6-4a80-abe6-5130361cbac5	Land authorizations representing the right of way for pipeline activities. The spatial data includes polygon data for approved and post-construction pipeline rights of way collected on or after October 30, 2006. This dataset is updated nightly.
whse_mineral_tenure.og_pipeline_segment_permit_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/ecf567ea-4901-4f51-a5b0-35959ca96c47	Pipeline centre-lines associated with oil and gas pipeline activity and falling within the area representing the pipeline right of way. This dataset contains line features collected on or after July 11, 2016 for approved pipeline centre-line locations. The dataset is updated nightly.
whse_tantalis.ta_conservancy_areas_svw	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/550b3133-2004-468f-ba1f-b95d0e281e78	TA_CONSERVANCY_AREAS_SVW contains the spatial representation (polygon) of the conservancy areas designated under the Park Act or by the Protected Areas of British Columbia Act, whose management and development is constrained by the Park Act. The view was created to provide a simplified view of this data from the administrative boundaries information in the Tantalis operational system
whse_tantalis.ta_park_ecores_pa_svw	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/1130248f-f1a3-4956-8b2e-38d29d3e4af7	This dataset contains parks and protected areas managed for important conservation values and are dedicated for the preservation of their natural environments for the inspiration, use and enjoyment of the public. Places of special ecological importance are designated as ecological reserves for scientific research and educational purposes. Source data is Tantalis. *April 18, 2018: Prior to this date this dataset had one spatial boundary per park per survey plan that intersected the boundary of that park. This resulted in multiple identical boundaries for each park that had more than one survey plan overlapping it’s boundaries. The change aggregated the park data so that there is just one boundary per park with the plan numbers concatenated into a single column where each different plan number is separated by a comma.
whse_terrestrial_ecology.ste_scanned_map_boundary_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/12d2c2b0-b2f6-4ab1-92af-842a4d66b5c2	STE_SCANNED_MAP_BOUNDARY_SP includes an index of the mapsheet grid location of Soils, Terrain, Ecosystems and related scanned maps (including Agriculture Capability and Climate Capability maps). These maps are intended for on-screen viewing or printing. The majority of the maps have been geo-referenced. Mapping may not cover the whole map grid area. Some maps are interim or draft and may have been superseded. Some files are of related legends and map project text. Associated scanned map boundary attributes describe the project map (project level metadata) and provide a link for downloading the map, plus links to related reports, geo-referenced maps, and GIS digital data available from other sources. ATTENTION - The IMAGE_URL link is only useable by BC government staff. Public users can download the scanned maps by using the ECOCAT_URL link. There is no charge for the scanned map files. Please note that some maps and more recent mapping may also be available in digital GIS format. See - Ecosystem and Terrain Mapping Data Inventory.
whse_terrestrial_ecology.ste_ter_project_boundaries_svw	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/ad2f6d1e-cb53-4308-9263-e8deb731b996	Terrain Mapping (TER) project boundaries contains (study areas) and attributes describing each project (project level metadata), plus links to the locations of other data associated with the project (e.g., reports, polygon datasets, plotfiles, legends) for terrain inventory, bioterrain and terrain stability mapping projects. TER divides the landscape into units according to surficial materials, landforms and geomorphological processes using the Terrain Classification System for British Columbia. This layer is derived from the STE_TEI_PROJECT_BOUNDARIES_SP layer by filtering on the PROJECT_TYPE attribute. Project types include: TEM, TEMNSS, TEMPRE, TEMSEI, TEMSET, TEMTSM, TSM, TSMREC, TSMDET, TIM, TBS, TBT, TIMSOI, TEMWHR, TEMSDM, TEMPRW, NEMPRW, and TEMSEW. Current version: v11 (published on 2024-10-03) Previous versions: v10 (published on 2023-11-14), v9 (published on 2023-03-01), v8 (published on 2016-09-01)
whse_water_management.wls_water_rights_licences_sv	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/5549cae0-c2b1-4b96-9777-529d9720803c	This is a province-wide SDE spatial layer displaying water rights licence data administrated under the Water Sustainability Act which includes data for both surface water and groundwater Points of Diversions. Point of Diversion types include Surface water Points of Diversion (PDs) Groundwater Points of Well Diversion (PWDs) as well as points of Groundwater diversion (PGs), non-well groundwater diversion points such as dugouts, ditches and quarries. This layer contains a record for each water licence on each POD type that exists in the province (each POD can have multiple licences). For each record, some basic information about the water licence is included.
whse_water_management.wris_dams_public_svw	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/bd632217-35f9-4d01-8e57-a6dbc454f236	Province-wide SDE spatial view displaying dam locations. The public view displays a subset of the attribute data
whse_wildlife_inventory.spi_whf_incident_obs_ns_sv	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/50dc6ba5-8883-4bfc-b3aa-b420b190b45b	A “wildlife habitat feature” is defined as a feature used by one or more wildlife species to meet their life history requirements. An incidental observation is a recorded detection of a species or its sign that was not a part of a formalized survey. This can occur when a non-focal species is observed during a survey for another species, outside of the study area, or as a chance observation made at random. The validity of these sightings is widely variable depending on the level of expertise of the observer and how visible the animal(s) was. This dataset is a subset of ‘Wildlife Species Inventory Incidental Observations - Non-secured’ https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/7d5a14c4-3b6e-4c15-980b-68ee68796dbe, specific to publicly available Wildlife Habitat Features that may be applicable to the Kootenay Boundary Wildlife Habitat Features Order. For a comprehensive view of wildlife habitat features for the Kootenay Boundary Region that may be applicable to the Kootenay Boundary Wildlife Habitat Features Order this dataset should be viewed in conjunction with ‘Wildlife Habitat Features - WSI Surveys – Publicly Available’ https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/884c20fa-17c1-491a-b5cb-993be5dff8d3 , ‘Wildlife Habitat Features – FRPA – Publicly Available’ https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/9188aeff-47b0-4932-a53a-f3e70096b781 and ‘ Wildlife Habitat Features Wildlife ‘Habitat Features - FRPA – Masked – Publicly Available’ https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/11911766-cb1f-4efe-b015-97ecb8dcc1d0 For more information on the Kootenay Boundary Wildlife Habitat Features Order see here: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/laws-policies-standards-guidance/legislation-regulation/forest-range-practices-act/government-actions-regulation/wildlife-habitat-features/kootenay-boundary-wildlife-habitat-features-
whse_wildlife_management.wcp_fish_sensitive_ws_poly	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/1a560a12-9be1-49a4-971a-dbc80875a0d7	The dataset contains approved legal boundaries for fisheries sensitive watersheds. A FSW is a mapped area with specific management objectives intended to guide development activities which may adversely impact important fish values
whse_wildlife_management.wcp_wha_proposed_sp	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/c2fc0a99-075e-4fdc-b85d-a8a0d88af71c	Wildlife habitat areas (WHAs) are mapped areas that are necessary to meet the habitat requirements of an Identified Wildlife element. WHAs designate critical habitats in which activities are managed to limit their impact on the Identified Wildlife element for which the area was established. The purpose of WHAs is to conserve those habitats considered most limiting to a given Identified Wildlife element. This dataset contains proposed WHAs for the entire province except for the Omenica Region as there are none in the consultation phase at this time
whse_wildlife_management.wcp_wildlife_habitat_area_poly	https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/b19ff409-ef71-4476-924e-b3bcf26a0127	The dataset contains approved legal boundaries for wildlife habitat areas and specified areas for species at risk and regionally important wildlife. Additional information including approved orders associated with WHAs is available here.
^* Metadata information for bcfishpass and bcfishobs layers can be provided here in the future but currently can usually be sourced from https://smnorris.github.io/bcfishpass/06_data_dictionary.html .

4.3 Aerial Imagery

Orthoimagery has been gathered in the Neexdzii Kwah watershed for past monitoring of historic restoration sites, as part of fish passage restoration planning efforts, and specifically for this project by Matt Sakals (WLRS Provincial Drone Specialist) and New Graph Environment Ltd. team members. Data has been stored as Cloud Optimized Geotiffs on a cloud service provider (AWS) with most outputs linked to in the collaborative GIS project. Data can be downloaded and viewed through the links provided in Table 4.2.

# only needs to be run at the beginning or if we want to update

# Grab the imagery from the stac

# neexdzii kwa

bbox = c(-126.77000, 54.08832, -125.88822, 54.68786)

# use rstac to query the collection
q <- rstac::stac("https://images.a11s.one/") |>
    rstac::stac_search(
      collections = "imagery-uav-bc-prod",
                      bbox = bbox
                      
                     ) |>
  rstac::post_request()

# get deets of the items
uav_raw <- q |>
  rstac::items_fetch()

# build the table to display the info
uav_tab <- tibble::tibble(url_download = purrr::map_chr(uav_raw$features, ~ purrr::pluck(.x, "assets", "image", "href"))) |> 
  dplyr::mutate(stub = stringr::str_replace_all(url_download, "https://imagery-uav-bc.s3.amazonaws.com/", "")) |> 
  tidyr::separate(
    col = stub, 
    into = c("region", "watershed_group", "year", "item", "rest"),
    sep = "/",
    extra = "drop"
  ) |> 
  dplyr::mutate(
    link_view = 
                  dplyr::case_when(
                    !tools::file_path_sans_ext(basename(url_download)) %in% c("dsm", "dtm") ~ 
                      ngr::ngr_str_link_url(
                        url_base = "https://viewer.a11s.one/?cog=",
                        url_resource = url_download, 
                        url_resource_path = FALSE,
                        # anchor_text= "URL View"
                        anchor_text= tools::file_path_sans_ext(basename(url_download))),
                    T ~ "-"),
                        link_download = ngr::ngr_str_link_url(url_base = url_download, anchor_text = url_download)
    )|> 
  dplyr::select(year, item, link_view, link_download)

# burn to the repo for safe keeping
uav_tab |> 
  readr::write_csv(
  "data/inputs_extracted/uav.csv"
)

my_caption <- "Drone imagery download and viewer links."

my_tab_caption()

uav_tab |> 
  my_dt_table(cols_freeze_left = 0, escape = FALSE)

4.4 Historic Information Regarding Impacts and Restoration Initiatives

Understanding how we arrived at our current ecological and cultural state is essential for guiding present-day restoration and future sustainability efforts. This section provides high-level summaries of selected foundational references that document impacts to ecosystems and communities, as well as associated restoration initiatives. These works do not represent an exhaustive review but offer critical perspectives and historical context. We particularly highlight:

Niwhts’ide’nï Hibi’itën: The Ways of Our Ancestors (Morin (2016))
Development Of Aquatic Restoration Designs And On-Farm Cattle Management Improvements Within the Wet’suwet’en First Nation Territory (Gaboury and Smith (2016))
Mid-Bulkley Detailed Fish Habitat/Riparian/Channel Assessment for Watershed Restoration (NCFDC (1998))
Upper Bulkley Floodplain Habitat: Modifications, Physical Barriers, and Sites of Potential Importance to Salmonids (Price (2014))
Riparian and In-Stream Assessment of the Bulkley River System: An Examination and Prioritization of Impacts on the Tributaries to the Bulkley River Mainstem (Mitchell (1997))

# Information amalgamated from past restoration initiatives has been added to the `restoration_wedzin_kwa` project in spatial formats through the `sites_restoration.gpkg` with details of source document locations, geometry type, description of the source document amalgamated, etc. documented in the `sites_restoration_gpkg_tracking.csv` file located [here](https://github.com/NewGraphEnvironment/restoration_wedzin_kwa_2024/blob/main/data/sites_restoration_gpkg_tracking.csv) with results presented in Table \@ref(tab:tab-sites-restoration-gpkg-tracking).
readr::read_csv(
  "data/sites_restoration_gpkg_tracking.csv"
) %>% 
  fpr::fpr_kable(caption_text = "Summary of past restoration initiatives added to the `sites_restoration.gpkg` geopackage of the `restoration_wedzin_kwa` project. Work in progress.")

4.4.1 Morin (2016) - Niwhts’ide’nï Hibi’itën: The Ways of Our Ancestors

Morin (2016) documents Witsuwit’en history, land relationships, and governance through the words and teachings of Hereditary Chiefs and Elders. It emphasizes the importance of oral histories, place-based knowledge, and language, following the Witsuwit’en system of writing (orthography) for names and terms. The work provides essential context for understanding long-term stewardship and the impacts of colonial policies on Witsuwit’en lands and governance.

4.4.2 Mitchell (1997) - Riparian and In-stream Assessment of the Bulkley River System - An Examination and Priorization of Impacts on the Tributaries to the Bulkley River Mainstem

In the late 1990s, Nortech Consulting reported to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans on 68 tributaries of the Bulkley River located between Bulkley Lake and Boulder Creek. Boulder Creek flows into the main stem of the Bulkley River approximately 11 km north of Moricetown and about 120 km north of the confluence of the Neexdzii Kwa and Wetzin Kwa Rivers. The 68 streams were assessed using topographic maps and air photo interpretation to evaluate the degree and nature of impacts from transportation and hydroelectric corridors, powerlines, agriculture, grazing, and municipal land use. The most significant sources of impact were identified as agricultural/rangeland and municipal development (Mitchell 1997).

Streams were prioritized into six categories (1 through 6) based on the number and severity of impacts, the length of potential fish habitat, and the presence of significant (e.g., salmonid or regionally important) fish populations. Neexdzi Kwa tributaries ranked in the highest two priority categories (highly or severely degraded) included Buck Creek, Maxxan Creek, Watson Creek, Airport Creek, Cesford Creek, Richfield Creek, Byman Creek, and McQuarrie Creek. Those falling into categories 3 and 4 (moderately degraded) included Foxy Creek, Jonny David Creek, Barren Creek, Crow Creek, and the Sunset-Elwin system, among others. Tributaries within the lowest two priority categories included Aitken Creek and McKilligan Creek (Mitchell 1997).

4.4.3 Price (2014) - Upper Bulkley floodplain habitat: modifications, physical barriers, and sites of potential importance to salmonids

Price (2014) documented human-induced modifications to floodplain habitat and river channelization, investigated potential barriers to fish migration, and assessed areas of upwelling groundwater in the Upper Bulkley mainstem having potential importance to salmonids. The coordinates of points of interest were extracted from a pdf version of the report and are included in the price_2014_waypoints.csv file located here and were added to the sites_restoration.gpkg (layer name = price_2014). Individual waypoint information is also presented in Table 4.3.

path <- "/Users/airvine/zotero/storage/7JCL42Y3/price_2014_upper_bulkley_floodplain_habitat_-_modifications,_physical_barriers,_and_sites.pdf"

# name our csv we are creating
path_file <- "data/inputs_extracted/price_2014_waypoints.csv"

# define page to extract table
page <- 32


# #if you wanted to define the area to extract would run with this the first time
# tabulapdf::locate_areas(path, pages = page)


# to get.... 
# tab_area = list(c(151.17224,  87.13111, 715.14139,604.27249 ))
# but....looks like it will guess correct with no help so let's do that
tabulapdf::extract_tables(path,
                                  pages = page,
                                  # method = "lattice",
                                  # output = c("tibble"),
                                  # guess = FALSE,
                                  # area = tab_area
                                  ) |> 
  purrr::pluck(1) |> 
  # need to make the first row be the names due to muti-line header
  janitor::row_to_names(1) |> 
  # now let's burn it to a csv so we can correct the types
  readr::write_csv(path_file)

# read it back in to get the types right
tab1 <- readr::read_csv(path_file)

# now let's define the rest of the pages to extract from
page <- 33:36


# build a function to pull them all out at the same time 
extract_tables_multi <- function(page){
  tabulapdf::extract_tables(path,
                                  pages = page,
                                  ) |> 
  purrr::pluck(1) |> 
    # use the names from the header table
  purrr::set_names(nm = names(tab1))
}

# run our function 
tabs_extra <- page |> 
  purrr::map_df(
    extract_tables_multi
  )

# join our og table to our multi-page output but fix a type 
tab <- dplyr::bind_rows(
  tab1 |> dplyr::mutate(number = as.numeric(number)),
  tabs_extra 
) |> 
  # clean the names for the report
  purrr::set_names(nm = stringr::str_to_title(names(tab1))) |> 
  # add a theme
dplyr::mutate(Theme = dplyr::case_when(
  stringr::str_detect(Notes, stringr::regex("spawning|Spawners", ignore_case = TRUE)) ~ "Spawning",
  stringr::str_detect(Notes, stringr::regex("culvert|bridge|crossing", ignore_case = TRUE)) ~ "Stream Crossing",
    stringr::str_detect(Notes, stringr::regex("richfield", ignore_case = TRUE)) ~ "Other", 
    stringr::str_detect(Notes, stringr::regex("floodplain", ignore_case = TRUE)) ~ "Floodplain",
    stringr::str_detect(Notes, stringr::regex("rail", ignore_case = TRUE)) ~ "Railway",
    stringr::str_detect(Notes, stringr::regex("field|cattle", ignore_case = TRUE)) ~ "Agriculture",
    stringr::str_detect(Notes, stringr::regex("beaver", ignore_case = TRUE)) ~ "Beaver",
    stringr::str_detect(Notes, stringr::regex("forest|clearcut|cutblock", ignore_case = TRUE)) ~ "Forestry",
    stringr::str_detect(Notes, stringr::regex("rip-rap", ignore_case = TRUE)) ~ "Rip-rap",
    stringr::str_detect(Notes, stringr::regex("Log jam", ignore_case = TRUE)) ~ "Log jam",
    
    TRUE ~ "Other" # Default to Other if no other conditions are met
  )) |> 

  #there is an issue at row 182... so fix by appending UB-643 to 645 [UB- to the beginning of the photo series column
  dplyr::mutate(`Photo Series` = dplyr::case_when(
    Number == 182 ~ paste0("UB-643 to 645 [UB-", `Photo Series`),
    TRUE ~ `Photo Series`
  )) |> 
  # remove rows without a Number
  dplyr::filter(!is.na(Number)) 

# burn over our csv so we can put as table in report
tab |> 
  readr::write_csv(path_file, na = '')

# create a spatial file and save to the shared project
tab |> 
  janitor::clean_names() |> 
  # convert the time to character to preserve as gpkg won't accept
    dplyr::mutate(time = as.character(time)) |>
  dplyr::filter(!is.na(easting)) |>
    sf::st_as_sf(coords = c("easting", "northing"), crs = 26909) |>
    sf::st_transform(3005) |>
  # put time after number and put notes as last column
  dplyr::select(number, time, theme, everything()) |>
  
    sf::st_write(
      dsn = "~/Projects/gis/restoration_wedzin_kwa/sites_restoration.gpkg",
      layer = 'price_2014',
      delete_layer = TRUE
    )

# read in the price 2014 data
price_2014 <- read_csv("data/inputs_extracted/price_2014_waypoints.csv")

# present as table
price_2014 %>% 
  fpr::fpr_kable(caption_text = "Summary of Price (2014) waypoints for the Upper Bulkley floodplain including locations of river channelization, potential barriers to fish migration, and assessed areas of upwelling groundwater having potential importance to salmonids.")

Table 4.3: Summary of Price (2014) waypoints for the Upper Bulkley floodplain including locations of river channelization, potential barriers to fish migration, and assessed areas of upwelling groundwater having potential importance to salmonids.
Number	Photo Series	Time	Easting	Northing	Notes	Theme
34	UB-1 to 5	12:17:24	651142	6029782	Helicopter hanger	Other
35	UB-6	12:17:35	651145	6029783	Above hanger	Other
36	UB-7 to 11	13:13:51	655753	6034037	Upstream floodplain	Floodplain
37	UB-12 to 25	13:14:15	656263	6034756	Floodplain/railway	Floodplain
38	UB-26 to 40	13:14:36	656802	6035246	Disconnected floodplain	Floodplain
39	UB-41 to 56	13:16:07	659412	6036188	Riparian loss - Field to river	Agriculture
40	UB-57 to 58	13:16:43	660202	6036794	Forest removal - slash piles	Forestry
41	UB-59 to 64	13:17:16	660839	6037624	Disconnected floodplain	Floodplain
42	UB-65 to 74	13:17:51	661597	6038300	Cattle farm	Agriculture
43	UB-75 to 81	13:19:00	662959	6039601	Hay field	Agriculture
44	UB-82 to 88	13:19:37	662892	6040706	Floodplain loss to Hwy/rail	Floodplain
45	UB-89 to 91	13:20:36	663515	6042344	Backchannel cutoff	Other
46	UB-92 to 93	13:21:19	664256	6043397	Hay field	Agriculture
47	UB-94 to 103	13:22:29	666027	6043735	Hay field	Agriculture
48	UB-104 to 106	13:23:10	667123	6043706	Floodplain loss to rail	Floodplain
49	UB-107	13:24:06	668607	6043932	Rail impediment at Oxbows	Railway
50	UB-107	13:24:52	669825	6044009	Rail crossing	Stream Crossing
51	UB-108	13:25:17	670482	6043704	Floodplain loss to rail	Floodplain
52	UB-109 to 120	13:26:15	672259	6043155	Backchannel cutoff by rail, field to river	Railway
53	UB-121	13:27:10	674085	6042903	Topley rail crossing	Stream Crossing
54	UB-122 to 132	13:27:43	674810	6042145	Field to river	Agriculture
55	UB-133 to 142	13:28:26	675972	6042137	Floodplain loss to rail	Floodplain
56	UB-143 to 144	13:28:54	676499	6041543	Floodplain loss to rail	Floodplain
57	UB-145 to 153	13:29:34	677448	6040835	Floodplain loss to rail	Floodplain
58	UB-154 to 164	13:30:40	677958	6038866	New rail double track	Railway
59	UB-165 to 169	13:31:51	679597	6037220	Rail crossing	Stream Crossing
60	UB-170 to 174	13:32:21	680465	6036862	Hay fields	Agriculture
61	UB-175	13:33:21	681046	6035306	Clearcut	Forestry
62	UB-176 to 182	13:34:12	680961	6033872	Intact section	Other
63	UB-183 to 194	13:34:47	681638	6032905	Forestdale road	Forestry
64	UB-195 to 199	13:35:40	683201	6032161	Straumbold farm downstream	Other
65	UB-200 to 211	13:37:05	685413	6030472	Bulkley Lake outlet	Other
66	UB-212 to 223	13:38:29	686021	6029364	Hay field to maxan	Agriculture
67	UB-224 to 227	13:40:26	683888	6026908	maxan cutblock	Forestry
68	UB-228 to 231	13:41:16	683875	6025320	maxan cutblock	Forestry
70	UB-233	13:42:53	686279	6024057	road crossing	Stream Crossing
71	UB-234 to 236	13:44:41	687177	6023224	Maxan lake	Other
72	UB-237 to 241	13:45:09	686813	6022650	Foxy creek cutblock	Forestry
73	UB-242 to 245	13:47:37	686860	6022124	Foxy creek cutblock	Forestry
74	UB-239 to 256	13:48:44	686992	6023133	foxy/maxan confluence	Other
75	UB-257	13:49:59	686614	6023770	road crossing	Stream Crossing
76	UB-258	13:50:32	686210	6024130	hay field to creek	Agriculture
77	UB-259 to 261	13:51:59	685466	6024649	maxan beaver dam	Beaver
78	UB-262 to 264	13:53:09	685237	6024844	field to river-log jam	Agriculture
79	UB-265 to 270	13:54:18	684348	6024997	Beaver dam	Beaver
80	UB-271 to 274	13:56:04	683932	6026032	beaver dam/breach	Beaver
81	UB-275 to 282	13:57:42	683762	6026942	land slide	Other
82	UB-283 to 285	13:59:09	683917	6027487	hay field / jam	Agriculture
83	UB-286 to 290	13:59:45	684190	6027906	Beaver activity	Beaver
84	UB-291 to 299	14:00:19	684354	6028189	Hay field	Agriculture
85	UB-300 to 304	14:01:09	684890	6028667	Beaver activity	Beaver
86	UB-305 to 307	14:01:28	685106	6028665	Beaver dam	Beaver
87	UB-308 to 314	14:02:05	685428	6028712	Beaver dam	Beaver
88	UB-315 to 321	14:02:27	685549	6028826	derelict bridge	Stream Crossing
89	UB-322 to 324	14:03:09	685814	6029114	Beaver dam	Beaver
90	UB-325 to 327	14:03:35	685789	6029396	Hay field to maxan	Agriculture
91	UB-328 to 334	14:03:53	686037	6029429	Hay field to maxan	Agriculture
92	UB-335 to 338	14:04:27	686479	6029579	Maxan Lake outlet	Other
93	UB-339 to 341	14:05:35	686187	6030211	Bulkley Lake outlet	Other
94	UB-342 to 356	14:06:06	685785	6030439	Strombould’s rail/road crossings	Stream Crossing
95	UB-357 to 362	14:06:37	685310	6030510	rip-rap	Rip-rap
96	UB-363 to 365	14:07:18	685110	6030621	Field to river	Agriculture
97	UB-366 to 369	14:07:47	684926	6031060	rip-rap	Rip-rap
98	UB-370 to 372	14:08:57	684495	6031282	Field to river	Agriculture
99	UB-373 to 383	14:09:47	684008	6031695	Beaver dam/field to river	Agriculture
100	UB-384 to 388	14:10:33	683685	6032076	bridge/hay field	Stream Crossing
101	UB-389 to 395	14:11:22	683002	6032245	rail bridge	Stream Crossing
102	UB-396 to 402	14:12:12	682505	6032418	Rail impediment	Railway
103	UB-403 to 405	14:12:57	682091	6032534	bridge crossing	Stream Crossing
104	UB-406 to 410	14:13:36	681888	6032762	bridge crossing	Stream Crossing
105	UB-411 to 412	14:14:31	681419	6033019	beaver dam	Beaver
106	UB-413 to 415	14:15:02	681137	6033505	beaver dam	Beaver
107	UB-416	14:15:19	681166	6033765	beaver dam	Beaver
108	UB-417	14:16:11	680743	6034552	beaver dam	Beaver
109	UB-418	14:16:37	680933	6034871	beaver dam	Beaver
110	UB-419 to 424	14:17:26	681055	6035312	beaver dam/rail bridge	Stream Crossing
111	UB-425	14:18:15	681362	6035812	Hayfield/power line	Agriculture
113	UB-428 to 430	14:19:08	680861	6036661	hay field to creek	Agriculture
114	UB-431 to 434	14:19:51	680310	6037029	bridge	Stream Crossing
115	UB-435 to 440	14:20:20	679974	6037284	beaver dam	Beaver
116	UB-441 to 444	14:20:49	679961	6037252	bridge and new track	Stream Crossing
117	UB-445	14:21:22	679540	6037279	Beaver dam	Beaver
118	UB-446 to 448	14:21:51	679148	6037507	Beaver dam/rail to river	Railway
119	UB-449 to 453	14:22:17	679010	6037815	Beaver dam	Beaver
120	UB-454 to 455	14:22:39	678774	6038004	Beaver dam	Beaver
121	UB-456 to 459	14:23:20	678295	6038283	Bulkley falls	Other
122	UB-460 to 462	14:24:01	678222	6038509	Beaver dam	Beaver
123	UB-463 to 464	14:24:19	678184	6038767	Log jam	Log jam
124	UB-465 to 466	14:24:37	678104	6039025	Beaver dam	Beaver
125	UB-467	14:25:23	677952	6039499	Hay field	Agriculture
126	UB-468 to 471	14:25:44	677719	6039669	Beaver dam/Spawners	Spawning
127	UB-472	14:26:26	677666	6039852	Beaver dam	Beaver
128	UB-473 to 475	14:26:38	677550	6039878	Beaver dam	Beaver
129	UB-476 to 479	14:27:09	677763	6040152	Rail crossing	Stream Crossing
130	UB-480 to 486	14:27:39	677719	6040526	rip-rap/beaver dam	Beaver
131	UB-487 to 488	14:28:17	677614	6040916	field to river	Agriculture
132	UB-489 to 492	14:28:33	677292	6040997	Rail crossing	Stream Crossing
133	UB-493	14:29:02	676911	6041236	beaver dam	Beaver
134	UB-494 to 496	14:29:13	676801	6041386	rip-rap/beaver dam	Beaver
135	UB-497 to 501	14:29:40	676547	6041728	rail to river	Railway
136	UB-502 to 507	14:30:04	676358	6042030	rail to river	Railway
137	UB-508 to 509	14:30:43	675666	6041986	Spawning salmon	Spawning
138	UB-510 to 511	14:31:12	675177	6042050	field to river/spawners	Spawning
139	UB-512	14:31:35	674850	6042113	cattle farm to river	Agriculture
140	UB-513 to 515	14:32:10	674572	6042590	field to river	Agriculture
141	UB-516 to 522	14:32:21	674492	6042716	Topley crossing	Stream Crossing
142	UB-523	14:33:36	673931	6043020	rail to river	Railway
143	UB-524 to 526	14:33:48	673672	6043081	field to river	Agriculture
144	UB-527 to 532b	14:34:13	673142	6043205	Rail impediment	Railway
145	UB-533 to 534	14:35:18	671960	6043267	ploughed field to river	Agriculture
146	UB-535 to 536	14:36:48	672014	6043155	Richfield confluence	Other
147	UB-537 to 538	14:37:06	672098	6043368	rail bridge/richfield	Stream Crossing
148	UB 539	14:37:27	672217	6043636	Homested on river bank	Other
149	UB-539a	14:37:43	672332	6043861	Richfield village	Other
150	UB-540 to 545	14:38:01	672459	6044122	Culvert on Richfield creek	Stream Crossing
151	UB-546 to 548	14:40:55	670206	6043943	rail bridge	Stream Crossing
152	UB-549 to 555	14:41:20	670218	6044233	Johnny-David confluence/field to river	Agriculture
153	UB-556 to 558	14:42:01	670260	6044784	Johnny_David Hwy culvert	Stream Crossing
154	UB-559 to 561	14:43:22	669614	6044178	Log jam on Bulkley	Log jam
156	UB-564 to 566	14:44:09	668935	6043858	rip-rap and rail impediment	Railway
157	UB-567 to 568	14:44:38	668718	6044141	field to river	Agriculture
158	UB-569 to 570	14:45:13	668132	6044225	field to river	Agriculture
159	UB-571 to 576	14:45:35	667876	6044164	rail bridge/spawners	Spawning
160	UB-577 to 580	14:46:02	667599	6043901	rail to river	Railway
161	UB-581 to 584	14:46:46	666827	6043710	field to river	Agriculture
162	UB-585 to 586	14:47:04	666637	6044012	field to river	Agriculture
163	UB-587 to 588	14:47:58	665701	6043914	Byman Ck rail bridge	Stream Crossing
164	–	14:48:29	665847	6044090	Byman Ck Hwy bridge?	Stream Crossing
165	UB-589 to 595	14:49:12	666717	6044190	Byman Ck Hwy culvert	Stream Crossing
166	–	14:50:41	665631	6043933	Perow Ck?	Other
167	UB-596 to 597	14:50:56	665378	6043809	Byman/Perow Ck confluence	Other
168	UB-598 to 600	14:51:14	665013	6043738	field to river	Agriculture
169	UB-601 to 608	14:51:49	664394	6043652	McQuarrie Ck rail bridge	Stream Crossing
170	UB-609 to 610	14:52:45	663942	6043256	Rail impediment	Railway
171	UB-611 to 612	14:53:44	663396	6042264	Rail impediment	Railway
172	UB-613 to 616	14:54:40	662962	6041236	Rail impediment	Railway
173	UB-617 to 623	14:55:17	662763	6040601	field to river	Agriculture
174	UB-624 to 625	14:55:41	662902	6040258	Log jam	Log jam
175	UB-626 to 627	14:56:10	663203	6039849	field to river	Agriculture
176	UB-628 to 630	14:56:39	662888	6039572	cattle on river bank	Agriculture
177	UB-631	14:57:27	662554	6038924	field to river	Agriculture
178	UB-632	14:58:08	661935	6038530	field to river	Agriculture
179	UB-633	14:58:24	661750	6038638	field to river	Agriculture
180	UB-634 to 639	14:59:00	661181	6038563	Rail impediment	Railway
181	UB-640 to 642	14:59:26	661220	6038243	field to river	Agriculture
182	UB-643 to 645 [UB-645b]	15:00:28	661095	6037670	field to river	Agriculture
183	UB-646 to 649	15:00:46	660929	6037901	Rail impediment	Railway
184	–	15:01:16	660629	6037716	Rail impediment	Railway
185	UB-650 to 651	15:01:28	660804	6037542	field to river	Agriculture
186	UB-652 to 653	15:02:22	660186	6037094	field to river/new felling	Agriculture
187	UB-654	15:02:38	659934	6037048	Log jam	Log jam
188	UB-655	15:02:51	660025	6036894	field to river	Agriculture
189	UB-656 to 659	15:03:12	659727	6036905	Beaver dam	Beaver
190	UB-660 to 662	15:03:34	659600	6036720	Rail impediment	Railway
191	UB-663	15:04:04	659158	6036486	Rail impediment	Railway
192	UB-664 to 667	15:04:16	658950	6036296	field to river	Agriculture
193	UB-668	15:04:59	658767	6036267	Rail impediment	Railway
194	UB-669 to 671	15:05:12	658629	6036169	Rail impediment	Railway
195	UB-672	15:05:53	658302	6035960	field to river/new felling	Agriculture
196	UB-673	15:06:18	658300	6035785	Bridge crossing	Stream Crossing
198	UB-675 to 677	15:08:06	656590	6035193	Rail impediment	Railway
199	UB-678 to 683	15:08:50	656233	6034772	Rail impediment	Railway
200	UB-684 to 687	15:09:29	655751	6034399	Log jam/rail impediment	Railway
201	UB-688	15:10:26	655269	6033756	Log jam	Log jam
202	UB-689	15:10:55	655385	6033514	Log jam	Log jam
203	UB-690 to 692	15:12:26	654578	6032198	field to river	Agriculture
204	UB-693 to 694	15:12:46	654145	6032016	field to river	Agriculture
205	UB-695 to 698	15:13:08	653873	6031629	cows to river/salmon/road impediment	Other
206	UB-699 to 704	15:13:29	653536	6031438	bridge, road impediment	Stream Crossing
207	UB-705 to 706	15:14:10	653033	6031247	Houston bridge	Stream Crossing
208	UB-707 to 708	15:14:47	652529	6031048	Houston rip-rap	Rip-rap
209	UB-709 to 712	15:15:32	651559	6030710	Houston rip-rap	Rip-rap
210	UB-713 to 715	15:15:58	651100	6030372	Houston settling ponds	Other
211	UB-716	15:16:14	651063	6030024	Westland rip-rap	Rip-rap
212	UB-717 to 719	15:16:47	650701	6029641	rail rip-rap	Railway

4.4.4 NCFDC (1998) - Mid-Bulkley Detailed Fish Habitat/Riparian/Channel Assessment for Watershed Restoration

NCFDC (1998) utilized detailed fish and fish habitat assessments to inform restoration planning in the Neexdzii Kwah with numerous detailed prescriptions included within their reporting and digital deliverables. Summarized details of this prioritization work and prescription locations and details extracted from the pdf and included in the ncfdc_1998_prescriptions.csv file located and viewable here. A summary of prioritization for sub-basins in the region are included in Table 4.4 with detailed prioritization information in Table 4.6 and details of individual prescriptions presented in Table 4.5 and stored here. The prescription dataset has also been converted to a spatial file and added to the restoration_wedzin_kwa shared GIS project through the sites_restoration.gpkg file (layer name - ncfdc_1998_prescriptions).

ncfdc_1998_71a %>% 
  fpr::fpr_kable(caption_text = "Table 71a from the NCFDC (1998) report - summary of the prioritization of sub-basins in the Neexdzii Kwah region.",
                 scroll = FALSE)

Table 4.4: Table 71a from the NCFDC (1998) report - summary of the prioritization of sub-basins in the Neexdzii Kwah region.
Sub-Basin	Fish.Values	Watershed.Value	Level.of.Impact	Cumulative.Impacts	Rank
Richfield	6	3	2	1	1
Emerson	2	8	1	2	2
McQuarrie	7	4	3	3	3
Barren	5	6	4	4	4
Aitken	8	2	5	6	5
Byman	4	5	6	5	6
Buck	3	1	7	7	7
Bulkley	1	7	8	8	8

# read in from the path using row 4 as teh header

path <- "~/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-Personal/Projects/2024-069-ow-wedzin-kwa-restoration/data/ncfdc_1998/Mid Bulkley Detailed FHAP_CAP_RAP/Appendix/AppH.xls"



path_file <- "data/inputs_extracted/ncfdc_1998_73_app_h.csv"

# read in the data, clean and burn to csv
readxl::read_excel(path, skip = 3) |> 
  # fill down for System and Sub-basin columns
  tidyr::fill(System, `Sub-Basin`) |> 
  # save as csv to data/inputs_extracted/ncfdc_1998_73_app_h.csv
  readr::write_csv(path_file)

Table 4.5: Table 73 from digital Appendix H of the NCFDC (1998) report (not included in pdf). Decision matrix to prioritize reaches for restoration based on watershed position, fisheries value, synergistic (downstream impact) value, the nature of impacts (sorted descending by total weight)
System	Sub-Basin	Reach	Position	Weight…5	Fish Value	Weight…7	Synergistic Value	Weight…9	Land-Use Problems	Physical Problems	Biological Problems	Comments	Current State	Weight…15	Ownership	Weight…17	Total Weight	Priority
Buck	Buck	11	Headwater	3	Moderate	2	Very High	4	Road in riparian zone at many points altering drainage and delivering sediment to channel, lost riparian and floodplain functions through complete or partial removal of key features in isolated areas, upstream land-use problems related to cumulative altered basin hydrology	Aggradation, bank erosion, avulsions, surface and matrix sediments infiltrating substrate, altered hydrology	–	Perched and undersized culvert and harvested riparian zone below FSR crossing on unnamed tributary at upper end of reach causing major channel disturbance and sediment delivery donwstream.	Functioning-at-risk	3	Crown	3	15	Very High
Buck	Klo	2	Headwater	3	Moderate	2	Very High	4	Logging and logging roads in upslope areas, upstream land-use problems related to altered hydrology and sediment delivery	Channel disturbance, abundant surface sediments and embedded substrate affecting spawning habitat, loss of log jams at geomorphic control points and their sediment storage function, and a low habitat complexity and pool frequency	Damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat	Upstream land-use is dominantly responsible for impacts in this reach	Functioning-at-risk	3	Crown	3	15	Very High
McQuarrie	McQuarrie	3	Mid-Elevation	2	Moderate	2	Very High	4	Poorly installed culvert, upslope road delivering sediments to channel and altering surface/groundwater flows	Aggradation, surface and matrix sediment infiltration of substrate	Damage to spawning and rearing habitat due to sediment infiltration of substrate matrix, possible upstream barrier at FSR culvert	–	Functioning-at-risk	3	Crown	3	14	Very High
Barren	Barren	2	Fan	2	High	3	Very High	4	Diversions, poorly installed culverts, compacted floodplain soils, lost riparian and floodplain functions through complete or partial removal of key features, upslope land-use, road runoff and fill-slope erosion	Slope instability and sediment delivery, aggradation, bank erosion, high temperatures, surface and matrix sediments, poor pool frequency, poor LWD function, loss of habitat complexity	Stressful summer temperatures to salmon and rainbow/steelhead, damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat, no upstream access through FSR culvert	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure	Functioning-at-risk	3	Private/ Crown	2	14	Very High
Buck	Klo	1	Headwater	3	Moderate	2	High	3	Upstream land-use problems related to altered hydrology and sediment delivery	Extreme channel disturbance, abundant surface sediments and embedded substrate affecting spawning habitat, loss of log jams at geomorphic control points and their sediment storage function, and a low habitat complexity	Damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat	Upstreamland-use is dominantly responsible for impacts in this reach	Poorly functioning	2	Crown	3	13	Very High
Byman	Byman	1	Fan	1	Very High	4	High	3	Diversions, channelizing, compacted floodplain soils, lost riparian and floodplain function through complete or partial removal of key features	Slope instability and sediment delivery, aggradation, bank erosion, high temperatures, surface and matrix sediments, poor pool frequency, poor LWD function, loss of habitat complexity	Stressful to lethal summer temperatures to salmon and rainbow/steelhead, damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure	Functioning-at-risk	3	Private	1	12	High
Buck	Buck	4	Mid-Elevation	2	High	3	High	3	Channelizing, isolated areas of compacted floodplain soils and altered riparian forest, roads in the upslope and riparian zone, upstream land-use problems related to hydrology and sediment delivery	Aggradation, bank erosion, surface and matrix sediments infiltrating substrate, poor LWD function, loss of complexity, altered hydrology, loss of log jams at geomorphic notch points downstream	Damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat	Upstream impacts are dominantly responsible for impacts in this reach	Functioning-at-risk	3	Private	1	12	High
Buck	Buck	6	Mid-Elevation	2	High	3	High	3	Compaction of floodplain soils, lost riparian and floodplain functions through complete or partial removal of key features, upstream land-use problems, road in the riparian zone altering drainage and delivering sediment	Low pool frequency, lack of functional LWD and extensive riparian disturbance (poor stream shading, temporal gap in LWD recruitment, bank stability) related to the Swiss Fire	Damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat	Sediment delivery from tributaries in the Swiss Fire area must also be considered.	Functioning-at-risk	3	Private/ Crown	1	12	High
Richfield	Richfield	1	Fan	1	Very high	4	High	3	Poorly installed culverts, channelizing, compacted floodplain soils, lost riparian and floodplain function through complete or partial removal of key features	Aggradation, bank erosion, high temperatures, surface and matrix sediments, poor pool frequency, poor LWD function, loss of complexity	Stressful to lethal summer temperatures to salmon and rainbow/steelhead, damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure	Poorly functioning	2	Private	1	11	High
McQuarrie	McQuarrie	1	Fan	1	Very High	4	High	3	Channelizing, compacted floodplain soils, lost riparian and floodplain function through complete or partial removal of key features	Slope instability and sediment delivery, aggradation, bank erosion, high temperatures, surface and matrix sediments, poor pool frequency, poor LWD function, loss of habitat complexity	Stressful to lethal summer temperatures to salmon and rainbow/steelhead, damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure	Poorly functioning	2	Private	1	11	High
Barren	Barren	1	Fan	1	Very high	4	High	3	Poorly installed culverts, compacted floodplain soils, lost riparian and floodplain functions through complete or partial removal of key features	Aggradation causing braiding and subsurface flow problems, bank erosion, high temperatures, surface and matrix sediment infiltration of substrate, poor pool frequency, poor LWD function, loss of habitat complexity	Stressful to lethal summer temperatures to salmon and rainbow/steelhead, damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat, no presence of species historically present in reach.	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure, upstream impacts dominantly responsible for problems in this reach	Poorly functioning	2	Private	1	11	High
Aitken	Aitken	1	Fan	1	Very high	4	Moderate	2	Past agriculture and forestry, isolated areas of soil compaction and riparian modification due to low intensity cattle grazing	Aggradation, bank erosion, high temperatures, surface and matrix sediments, poor pool frequency, poor LWD function, loss of habitat complexity	Stressful summer temperatures to salmon and rainbow/steelhead, damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure both from this reach and upstream	Functioning-at-risk	3	Private	1	11	High
Aitken	Aitken	3A	Mid-Elevation	2	Moderate	2	High	3	Logging to streambanks, on floodplain, and in upslope areas, roads in riparian zone, water diversions and withdrawls, upstream land-use, lost riparian and floodplain functions through complete or partial removal of key features	Aggradation, bank erosion, lateral instability, surface and matrix sediments infiltrating substrate, slope instability, low stream shading	Damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat in isolated areas	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure from upstream	Functioning-at-risk	3	Private	1	11	High
Buck	Dungate	1	Fan	1	Very high	4	High	3	Compacted floodplain soils, lost riparian and floodplain function through complete or partial removal of key features, possible upstream land-use problems related to sediment delivery	Avulsion, multiple channels, abundant surface sediments and embedded susbtrate affecting spawning habitat, aggradation in lower 250 metres. Poor LWD function and pool frequency in upper 650 metres.	Damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure	Poorly functioning	2	Private	1	11	High
Emerson	Emerson	1	Fan	1	Very high	4	Low	1	Channelizing, lost riparian and floodplain functions through complete or partial removal of key features, upstream land-use problems related to sediment delivery, upslope road altering surface and groundwater drainage patterns	Aggradation, bank erosion, surface and matrix sediments, and poor pool frequency, poor LWD function, loss of complexity within and below channelized section.	Damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat	Upstream sediment input related to a large debis flow in reach 3. Very high value bull trout stream for adult recruitment to the Mid-Bulkley	Functioning-at-risk	3	Private/ Crown	2	11	High
Buck	Buck	2	Fan	1	Very high	4	Moderate	2	Compacted floodplain soils, lost riparian and floodplain function through complete or partial removal of key features, upstream land-use problems related to hydrology and sediment delivery	Aggradation, bank erosion, surface and matrix sediments infiltrating substrate, poor pool frequency, poor LWD function, loss of complexity, altered hydrology, loss of log jams at geomorphic notch points	Damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat, very low densities of some species reported to be historically abundant	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure, upstream impacts are escalating all impacts in this reach	Poorly functioning	2	Private	1	10	Moderate
Bulkley River	Bulkley River	3	Mainstem	1	Very high	3	Moderate	2	Diversion and channelizing, compaction of floodplain soils, water withdrawls, lost riparian and floodplain functions through complete or partial removal of key features, upstream land-use problems related to hydrology and sediment delivery	Aggradation, bank erosion, high temperatures, surface and matrix sediments, poor pool frequency, poor LWD function, loss of complexity	Damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure inputs upstream and in the reach	Functioning-at-risk	3	Private	1	10	Moderate
Richfield	Richfield	2	Fan	1	High	3	High	3	Alteration of riparian forest, grazing in floodplain and upslope areas.	Slope instability, minor loss of understory riparian vegetation	–	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure	Functioning	1	Private	1	9	Moderate
Buck	Buck	1	Fan	1	Very high	4	Low	1	Diversion and channelizing, compaction of floodplain soils, drainage simplification, water withdrawls, lost riparian and floodplain functions through complete or partial removal of key features, upstream land-use problems	Aggradation, bank erosion, surface and matrix sediments infiltrating substrate, poor pool frequency, poor LWD function, loss of complexity, altered hydrology	Damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat, very low densities of some species reported to be historically abundant	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure from upstream land-use, upstream impacts are escalating all impacts in this reach	Poorly functioning	2	Private/ Municipal	1	9	Moderate
Buck	Dungate	2	Fan	1	High	3	High	3	Alteration of riparian forest, grazing in floodplain and upslope areas. Possible upstream land-use problems related to sediment delivery.	Sediment wedges and poor pool frequency likely related to upstream sediment delivery	–	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure	Functioning	1	Private	1	9	Moderate
Bulkley River	Bulkley River	1	Mainstem	1	Very high	3	Low	1	Diversion and channelizing, compaction of floodplain soils, drainage simplification, water withdrawls, lost riparian and floodplain functions through complete or partial removal of key features, upstream land-use problems related to hydrology and sediment delivery, upslope roads altering surface and groundwater drainage	Slope instability, aggradation, bank erosion, high temperatures, surface and matrix sediments, poor pool frequency, poor LWD function, loss of complexity	Stressful summer temperatures to salmon and rainbow/steelhead, damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure and municipal sewage inputs from upstream	Functioning-at-risk	3	Private	1	9	Moderate
Bulkley River	Bulkley River	2	Mainstem	1	Very high	3	Low	1	Diversion and channelizing, compaction of floodplain soils, drainage simplification in the vicinity of Houston, water withdrawls, lost riparian and floodplain functions through complete or partial removal of key features, upstream land-use problems related to hydrology and sediment delivery	Aggradation, bank erosion, spawning gravel smothering, substrate embedding and loss of microhabitat for juvenile fish and certain invertebrate species, high sediment load and possibly altered runoff regime on channel pattern and geometry due to upstream land-use impacts	Damage to and loss of critical salmonid spawning and rearing habitat	Eutrophication and BOD problems related to cattle manure inputs upstream and in the reach	Functioning-at-risk	3	Private	1	9	Moderate
Buck	Buck	5	Mid-Elevation	2	High	3	High	3	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	8	–
Dockrill	Dockrill	1	Fan	1	Low	1	Low	1	Channelizing, , diversions, removal of key riparian and floodplain features by forest harvesting	Bank erosion and lateral movement	–	High sediment load due to glacier in headwaters, very low temperatures and high gradient/water velocities	Functioning	1	Private/ Crown	2	6	Low

ncfdc_1998 <- readr::read_csv(
  "data/ncfdc_1998_prescriptions_hand_bomb.csv",
  locale = readr::locale(encoding = "UTF-8")
) 

ncfdc_1998_cleaned <- ncfdc_1998 |>
  dplyr::mutate(
    dplyr::across(
      dplyr::everything(),
      ~ as.character(.) |> 
        stringr::str_replace_all("[^[:alnum:][:space:].,]", "") |> # Retain alphanumeric, spaces, periods, and parentheses
        stringr::str_replace_all("\\.", "\\\\.")    |> 
        stringr::str_replace_all("\\,", "\\\\,") 
    )
  )

ncfdc_1998_cleaned %>% 
  dplyr::select(sub_basin:technical_references) %>% 
  knitr::kable(
    booktabs = T, 
    label = NA, 
    caption = "Summary of  NCFDC (1998) prescriptions for the Neexdzii Kwah area."
    ) |> 
  kableExtra::kable_styling(c("condensed", "responsive"),
                              full_width = T,
                              font_size = font_set) |> 
  kableExtra::scroll_box(width = "100%", height = "500px")

Table 4.6: Summary of NCFDC (1998) prescriptions for the Neexdzii Kwah area.
sub_basin	creek	reach	prescription_number	related_riparian_prescription	category	location	utm_zone	utm_northing	utm_easting	land_tenure	impact_description	goals	master_plan_objectives	description_of_proposed_works	technical_references
Richfield	Richfield	1	1	RIC007	2	0850 metres upstream from mouth, UTM 9.6044150.672380, Highway 16crossing	9	6044150	672380	Private, highway rightofway	Channelizing on both banks with riprap to bankfull height, twopipearch culverts, one impassable at most flows, both impassable at low flows.	To complex habitat and dissipate hydraulic energy. To provide access upstreamto juvenile salmonids during the summer lowflow period.	1 Reestablish upstream access to resident and anadromous fish species where barriers have been created by landuse.2 Reestablish spatial habitat diversity and quality, and hydraulic energy dissipation in areas that have been channelized. A longterm goal which requires cooperation between private landowners and regulatory agencies is the dechannelizing of these areas and their reconnection to normal floodplain functioning, which is beyond the scope of this project.	Build three riffle structures one above culvert, two below to initiate vertical variability in hydraulic energy and the sorting of stream substrate to form a rifflepool morphology. The first riffle below the culvert will have a higher crest and length maintaining the same grade on the face of the riffle to backwater the culvert at summer low flows. Initial design specifications are presented in the conceptual prescription drawing. Other design data relating to D, tractive force, and estimated bankfull discharge are presented in the reach impact and restoration diagnostics.Clean rock and concrete debris from in front of both culverts and in their plunge pools which will obstruct access andor interfere with pool formation.Plant the riprap with live cuttings of deciduous trees and shrubs see riparian prescription	Newbury et al., 1997 Soto, 1997 Donat, 1995 Newbury and Gaboury, 1993
Richfield	Richfield	1	2	–	1	0 to 0390 metres and 1050 to1923 metres upstream from the mouth	–	6043312	671988	Crown within bankfull width, private land on both banks throughoutprescription area	Extensive point and midchannel bars due to upstream sources ofsediment and bedload.	To stabilize aggraded areas which will continue to promote channel instability despiteupstream restoration efforts for some time if not actively restored. This step is not to becarried out until all other restoration work in the reach is complete.	6 Stabilize extensive bars and promote channel narrowing and deepening where feasible and when upstream sources of disturbance have been alleviated.	Place several large to extralarge sizeclass LWD with rootwads facing the current in a crosswise pattern armouring the top of the bar. Bury the top half of these trees in the streambed. This configuration will promote sedimentation downstream, and an excellent environment for the seed and whips of shrubs and trees to colonize the tail end of the bar. LWD is to be transported from a road site and moved into place with the aid of a horse logging company and a crew to assist in finetuning the placements of logs. In the voids between crossed logs, whole willow rootballs select a nearby gravel bar colonizing species such as coyote willow are to be planted in the substrate following one bankfull floods sedimentation. This will serve to speed the stabilization of the bar.	Soto et. al., 1997b
Richfield	Richfield	1	3	RIC011	1	2478 metres upstream from the mouth, UTM 9.6045100.672300	9	6045100	672300	Private	Rotational slump on right valley wall, sand and clay slump blocksliding on a sandy stratum. Below cleared and grazed land. Cattle use of several bencheson the face is probably exacerbating the problem.	To mitigate downstream sediment delivery from this site. Channel disturbanceand land use is minimal in reach 2 upstream.	5 Stabilize upslope and riparian sources of sediment and prevent further occurrence of slope and bank instability when and if upstream sources of disturbance have been removed andor where restoration will have a high probablity of success despite upstream sources of disturbance, andor when passive restoration needs to be integrated with active restoration.	Armour the toe of this slope approximately 50 m long with large cobble size class riprap and carry out the related riparian prescription. Toe armouring should be placed to a level below the existing thalweg to ensure that works are not undercut by scour. Access should be arranged with the landowner, for which there is a secondary road to within 200 metres of the site. A chainsaw winch could be used to haul the rock the remaining distance. Alternately, a hoe and driver with low impact tires could be employed to do this, as well as a team of draft horses from a horselogging outfit.	Donat, 1995 Chatwin et al., 1994
Byman	Byman	1	1	BYM15 and BYM17	1	2045 metres, 2421 metres, and 2625 metres upstream from the mouth onthe downstream right bank.	–	6044592	667151	PrivatePrescription Photo One of two large slides on the right valley wall in the reachlocation 2045m. Photo taken looking upstream.	Constant diverting of the creek away from the alluvial fan andconfining it to the valley upstream has lead to significant slope instability in two areas.	To mitigate downstream sediment delivery from this site.	5 Stabilize upslope and riparian sources of sediment and prevent further occurrence of slope and bank instability when and if upstream sources of disturbance have been removed andor where restoration will have a high probablity of success despite upstream sources of disturbance, andor when passive restoration needs to be integrated with active restoration.	Armour toe of slope with several rootwads cabled together and into the substrate using duckbill anchors. Construct an upstream repelling groyne from angular rock to redirect flow away from the toe of the slope toward the middle of the channel but not towards opposite banks to reduce toe scour. Carry out riparian prescription where soil conditions allow much of the lower slope consists of hardpan clays	WRP Technical Circular 9, Chapter 6 Donat, 1995 Chatwin et al., 1994
Byman	Byman	1	2	BYM8 to BYM10	2	1030 to 1660 metres upstream from the mouth. Left and right banks. UTM9.6044300.666280 to 9.6044350.666910	–	6044300	666280	Private	Diversion of the creek using a long straight dyke circa 1948 awayfrom the Bulkley River floodplain and West to connect with Perow Creek. This hascaused extensive degradation and channel feature homogenization. Combined withextensive cattle grazing and the removal of upstream LWD, this has severely damagedfish habitat in this section.	To complex habitat and dissipate hydraulic energy. To provide increasedquantity and quality of summer rearing habitat for juvenile salmonids, particularly cohoand chinook salmon.	1 Reestablish upstream access to resident and anadromous fish species where barriers have been created by landuse.2 Reestablish spatial habitat diversity and quality, and hydraulic energy dissipation in areas that have been channelized. A longterm goal which requires cooperation between private landowners and regulatory agencies is the dechannelizing of these areas and their reconnection to normal floodplain functioning, which is beyond the scope of this project.	In concert with riparian prescriptions to restore floodplain and bank stability functions. Create a series of nine upstream vwier LWD structures at 70 metre intervals. Design specifications and configuration are indicated in the conceptual drawing. The first wier will serve to backwater the highway culvert and increase access to and from upstream reaches during the summer lowflow period.	WRP Technical Circular 9, Chapter 8 Donat, 1995 Newbury and Gaboury, 1993
McQuarrie	McQuarrie	1	1	MCQ8	1	0900 metres upstream from the mouth. UTM 9.6044350.663900	9	6044350	663900	Private	Sediment delivery from a rotational slump of finetexturedmaterials. Impact vectors are thought to be cattle tramplinggrazing and removal ofoverstoryshrub vegetation at the top of the slope altering surface and subsurface drainagepatterns in the slope, and removing the stabilizing and strengthening effect of plant roots.	To mitigate the delivery of sediment downstream by continued mass movementof this slope.	5 Stabilize upslope and riparian sources of sediment and prevent further occurrence of slope and bank instability when and if upstream sources of disturbance have been removed andor where restoration will have a high probablity of success despite upstream sources of disturbance, andor when passive restoration needs to be integrated with active restoration.	In concert with riparian prescription, to armour the toe of the slope with angular rock to form a rock toe key. Depth of this key should be to a depth just beyond that of the deepest portion of the thalweg in crosssection to prevent scouring of rock away from the toe. Create a hook groyne with available materials to dissipate energy moving downstream from the site.	WRP Technical Circular 9, Chapter 6 Donat, 1995 Chatwin et al., 1994
McQuarrie	McQuarrie	1	2	MCQ1 and 2	2	0 to 0420 metres upstream from the mouth, both banks. UTM	–	6043613	664220	Private, CNR and highway rightofways	Channelizing on both banks with riprap to bankfull heighteliminating riparianfloodplain function and creating homogeneous riffleglide habitat.	To complex habitat and dissipate hydraulic energy.	2 Reestablish spatial habitat diversity and quality, and hydraulic energy dissipation in areas that have been channelized. A longterm goal which requires cooperation between private landowners and regulatory agencies is the dechannelizing of these areas and their reconnection to normal floodplain functioning, which is beyond the scope of this project.	Refer to works designed for Richfield Creek reach 1 impact prescription 1, Byman Reach 1 impact prescription 2 and Emerson Creek reach 1.impact prescription 1 for concepts. With an interval of 67 channel widths between structures 6070 metres, there will a total of 6 riffle, weir, or groyne structures required. Average riffle length should be based on maintaining a 10 101 slope on the riffle face. Material sizing should be approximately the average D 27 cm times a safety factor of 1.5. This would yield materials sizes in the vicinity of 40cm on the baxis diameter.	Newbury et al., 1997 Soto, 1997 Donat, 1995 Newbury and Gaboury, 1993
McQuarrie	McQuarrie	3	1	MCQ19	2	1828 metres upstream from reach break. UTM 9.6048080.656500. MichelleBay FSR crossing.	9	6048080	656500	Crown	Undersized culvert is a barrier to upstream fish passage at lowflows, and is undersized for flood flows in the reach, causing fill slope erosion at the roadcrossing, and channel disturbance downstream.	To reestablish upstream fish access during summer lowflow periods, and tomitigate downstream sources of channel disturbance due to flow concentration andsubsequent velocity increase.	1 Reestablish upstream access to resident and anadromous fish species where barriers have been created by landuse.2 Stabilize upslope and riparian sources of sediment and prevent further occurrence of slope and bank instability when and if upstream sources of disturbance have been removed andor where restoration will have a high probablity of success despite upstream sources of disturbance	Replace the existing culvert with a bridge. Bridge designed to withstand 1 in 100 year flood magnitude. Design will incorporate regrading the channel as a series of riffle steps to ensure fish passage and to avoid further channel disturbance by locally increasing channel gradient. Channel below bridge will be excavated to old channel grade prior to culvert installation. Design specifications are included in conceptual drawing. Bar stabilization of large sedimentbedload wedge upstream of existing culvert, as outlined in riparian prescription. Riparian planting as outlined in riparian prescription.	Soto, 1997a WRP Technical Circular 9, Chapter 5Survey and Design Work Required Engineering survey to create planprofile drawings and proper design specifications for bridge and installation features. Creation of field report summarizing detailed cost estimate, engineering drawings and design specifications and workplan. Silviculture Prescription formulation, site visit with RPF, and RPF signoff.Survey and Design Cost Estimate Engineering Survey FeesProfessional engineer for 6 days600day3600, two surveyors for one day300day600 Total4200 Engineering Survey Expenses Equipment and vehicle rental250, per diems150, travel and accomodation3000, report materials500, project management and administration500 Total4400 Silviculture Prescription Ecologist for 2 days300day, RPF for 1 day500day500 expenses Total1600 Total cost estimate 10 200Estimated Cost of Implementing Works Culvert Replacement with Bridge64 000 Creation of stonelines to facilitate fish passage30000km x 0.1 km3000 Armouring and stabilizing upstream bar 5800 acquiringshipping LWD1000, movingplacing LWD on bar 2200 horselogger fees labour and expenses, planting bar and riparian prescription area 2600 Total cost estimate 73 000Approvals Required Federal Fisheries Act MELP fisheries branch BC Water Act, section 9 notification and approval
Barren	Barren	1	1	BAR003	2	0 to 0270 metres upstream from mouth. UTM 9.6038760.660650 to9.6038850.660450. Upstream end bounded by the Highway 16 crossing	9	6038760	660650	Private	Upstream sediment sources causing extensive aggradation of finesandy materials in this area, coupled with extensive cattle grazing and bank compaction.	Reestablish a single channel thread and provide access to oxbow pond adjacentto the channel.	1 Reestablish upstream access to resident and anadromous fish species where barriers have been created by landuse.2 Reestablish spatial habitat diversity and quality, and hydraulic energy dissipation in areas that have been channelized. A longterm goal which requires cooperation between private landowners and regulatory agencies is the dechannelizing of these areas and their reconnection to normal floodplain functioning, which is beyond the scope of this project.3 Passively restore riparian areas wherever possible with landowner cooperation to limit landuse to areas outside of the riparian zone.4 Stabilize upslope and riparian sources of sediment and prevent further occurrence of slope and bank instability when and if upstream sources of disturbance have been removed andor where restoration will have a high probablity of success despite upstream sources of disturbance, andor when passive restoration needs to be integrated with active restoration.5 Stabilize extensive bars and promote channel narrowing and deepening where feasible and when upstream sources of disturbance have been alleviated.	Once upstream sources of sediment have been mitigated, excavate new channel in a meandering pattern with channel geometry based on average bankfull width see conceptual prescription drawing. Armour meander bends with angular rock down to below thalweg depth to prevent scour of toe and collapse of bank. Aim to restore channel gradient to that of reach 2 upstream. Restoring channel pattern and gradient should restore a rifflepool pattern without expensive construction of channel features. Effectiveness monitoring should identify whether LWD additions are needed. Carry out offchannel assessment of oxbow pond to determine feasibility for restoration groundwater yield and water quality. Restore access to oxbow pond by excavating and armouring a channel which connects with Barren Creek with a gradient suitable to maintaining design water levels in the pond and access between the two water bodies. Build a berm to protect the oxbow during floods from the Bulkley River and Barren Creek. This could probably be constructed from excavated fill from the pond. Carry out riparian prescriptions as outlined.	Newbury and Gaboury, 1993 WRP Technical Circular 9, Chapters 6, 7, and 12
Barren	Barren	2	2	BAR008	1	0275 metres upstream of reach 12 break, UTM 9.6037900.660350	9	6037900	660350	Private	Slumping hillside below land clearing combined with toe erosioncaused by a log jam lateral movement of thalweg	Add lifespan to natural toe armouring and restore ground and vegetation cover tomitigate surface erosion.	5 Stabilize upslope and riparian sources of sediment and prevent further occurrence of slope and bank instability when and if upstream sources of disturbance have been removed andor where restoration will have a high probablity of success despite upstream sources of disturbance, andor when passive restoration needs to be integrated with active restoration.	See riparian prescription in appendix F	Chatwin et al., 1994 Donat, 1995
Barren	Barren	2	3	–	1	1050 metres upstream from reach break. UTM 9.6038100.660100 to6038300.660020.	9	6038100	660100	Private	Landowner has diverted creek away from their powerline fromwhich all riparian vegetation was removed, and straight into the forest. This diversion isa huge source of sediment as indicated by field observations. This is only one of severaldiversions by the landowner to straighten the channel in the vicinity.	To restore channel morphology, mitigate bank erosion problems in old channel,and block off new channel and baffle with LWD.	5 Stabilize upslope and riparian sources of sediment and prevent further occurrence of slope and bank instability when and if upstream sources of disturbance have been removed andor where restoration will have a high probablity of success despite upstream sources of disturbance, andor when passive restoration needs to be integrated with active restoration.	Plans for this work are presented in the conceptual drawing. The general steps are to carry out restoration work in the old channel, planting riparian vegetation and making tree revetments on outside banks, then to block off the new channel and restore flow to the old channel, followed by baffling of the old channel with LWD laid crosswise with rootwads forward to mitgate any flood damage which might occur should the creek jump the berm created to maintain flow in the old channel. Tree stocking and species selection for riparian planting are consistent with those prescribed for Barren impact prescription 1.	Donat, 1995 WRP Technical Circular 9, Chapter 6
Barren	Barren	2	4	BAR017	2	2300 metres upstream from reach break. UTM 9.6039000.659600. MichelleBay FSR crossing.	9	6039000	659600	Private MOF and BC Hydro rightofway	Poor culvert installation at Michelle Bay FSR is a barrier toupstream fish passage by salmonids. It is also highly undersized, and has caused a greatedeal of channel disturbance above it. Backwatering during floods has led to scouring ofunvegetated banks at the powerline and increased toe erosion of a slope upstream. Thissediment is aggrading upstream and being delivered downstream.	To restore access to juvenile and adult salmonids, particularly coho salmon andsteelhead trout and to restore channel damage once the culvert has been replaced.	1 Reestablish upstream access to resident and anadromous fish species where barriers have been created by landuse.2 Stabilize upslope and riparian sources of sediment and prevent further occurrence of slope and bank instability when and if upstream sources of disturbance have been removed andor where restoration will have a high probablity of success despite upstream sources of disturbance, andor when passive restoration needs to be integrated with active restoration.	Replacement of current culvert with and openbottom culvert sized to a 1 in 100 year flood event, and with a width equal to or greater than the average bankfull width. Gradient of streambed with new culvert installation should not exceed 3. Bed for new culvert should be preroad substrate. Stream substrate placed arbitrarily or otherwise over fine textured road fill will result in loss of substrate downstream. Installation of baffles in the culvert to facilitate fish passage at higher flows. Installation of snow deflectors on either side of road above culvert to minimize the amount of sediment entering the stream in snow removed from the road surface. Bar and slope stabilization related to upstream impacts caused by the existing undersized culvert.	Soto, 1997a Soto, 1997b WRP Technical Circular 9, Chapter 5 and 6 Donat, 1995 Chatwin et al, 1994Survey and Design Work Required Engineering survey to create planprofile drawings and proper design specifications for bridge and installation features. Creation of field report summarizing detailed cost estimate, engineering drawings and design specifications and workplan.Survey and Design Cost Estimate Engineering Survey FeesProfessional engineer for 6 days600day3600, two surveyors for one day300day600 Total4200 Engineering Survey Expenses Equipment and vehicle rental250, per diems150, travel and accomodation3000, report materials500, project management and administration500 Total4400 Total cost estimate 8600Estimated Cost of Implementing Works Culvert Replacement28 000
Aitken	Aitken	3	1	AIT25	1	1226 metres upstream from the reach break, UTM 9.6034200.663300	9	6034200	663300	Private	Surface compaction, loss of vegetation leading to gully failure fromupslope cutblock see figure 181.	To rehabilitate slide and mitigate surface erosion from exposed face.	1 Stabilize upslope and riparian sources of sediment and prevent further occurrence of slope and bank instability when and if upstream sources of disturbance have been removed andor where restoration will have a high probablity of success despite upstream sources of disturbance.	works are outlined in riparian prescription	Donat, 1995 Chatwin et. al, 1994
Aitken	Aitken	3A	2 and 3	AIT29, 3033, 35	1	1560 to 1705 metres, 1800 to 2095 metres, 2649 to 2829 metres	–	6037080	661076	Private	Riparian forest had undergone extensive clearcutting in the 1970sto the streambanks and is not naturally regenerating, floodplain function is poor, and hashigh rates of lateral movement.	To restore forest cover in the riparian zone and thus aid in restoring bankstability, LWD sources, and stream shading.	1 Stabilize upslope and riparian sources of sediment and prevent further occurrence of slope and bank instability when and if upstream sources of disturbance have been removed andor where restoration will have a high probablity of success despite upstream sources of disturbance. 2 Carry out passive and active restoration to reduce soil compaction on the active floodplain, reconnect the channel to the active floodplain, and restore key features such as LWD.	as outlined in riparian prescriptions	–
Aitken	Aitken	3A	4	AIT37	1	3723 metres upstream from reach break. UTM 9.6037900.660350	9	6037900	660350	Private	Slope failure related to concentration of surface water ontounstable slope above creek.	To divert and slow surface drainage from this area, and to rehabilitate the slidesurface to mitigate surface erosion and sediment delivery to the creek.	1 Stabilize upslope and riparian sources of sediment and prevent further occurrence of slope and bank instability when and if upstream sources of disturbance have been removed andor where restoration will have a high probablity of success despite upstream sources of disturbance.	outlined in riparian prescriptions	Donat, 1995 Chatwin et al., 1994
Buck	Klo	2	1	KLO21 and 22	1	2400 metres and 2750 metres upstream from the reach break. Belowcutblock 93L.028, FLA 16827CP31402 fprest cover map opening 10.	–	6008642	668770	Crown	Forest harvesting to lip of slope and gully headwalls decreasingwind resistance and causing increased water load in gullies. A great deal of windthrow atblock boundaries is suspected to have been responsible for several small gully failuresand partial gully failures. The effects of this problem will likely worsen as root networkscontinue to decay after harvesting.	To prevent further slope instability prior to major failures occurring	1 Stabilize upslope and riparian sources of sediment and prevent further occurrence of slope and bank instability	outlined in riparian prescription prescription to be completed following further assessment of areas for riparian restoration workplan phases will consist of assessmentsurveydesign, bioengineering stock acquirement, windthrow prevention measures, pole drain construction, check dam construction, field reporting, and monitoring plan development all field work to be carried out with crew of three labourers and crew leaderAccess cutblock	Chatwin et al., 1994 Anonymous, 1995a Donat, 1995Survey and Design Work Required Consultation and site visit with Professional Geoscientist, including short report prepared by P.Geo. outlining their interpretations, concerns, and input into the riparian prescription including identifying other areas for preventative maintenancerestoration along the cutblock boundary. Silviculture Prescription formulation, site visit with RPF, and RPF signoff.Survey and Design Cost Estimate Geoscientist consultation feesprofessional geoscientist for 3 days600day1800, project leadercoordinator for 3 days300day900 total2700 Geoscientist consultation expensesvehicle rental130, per diems80,, report materials100, project management and administration50 Total360 Silviculture Prescription Ecologist for 2 days300day, RPF for 1 day500day500 expenses Total1600 Total cost estimate 4660Approvals Required Federal Fisheries Act MELP fisheries branch BC Water Act, section 9 notification and approval Forest Practices Code Silviculture Prescription Ministry of ForestsEnvironmental Measures No work during rain events. Sediment routing downslope isunlikely given the location of work on the gully headwall, and installed check damsshould act as sediment dams for the period shortly after construction.
Buck	Upper Buck	11B	1	UB8	2	FSR 2417 crossing of unnamed tributary to Buck Creek at upstream end ofstudy area. UTM 9.6003100.678400	9	6003100	678400	Crown	Undesized and perched culvert is blocking upstream access torainbow trout, and causing bank erosion and aggradation downstream by increasing watervelocities and stream power.	To restore fish passage and mitigate channel impacts.	1 Stabilize upslope and riparian sources of sediment and prevent further occurrence of slope and bank instability2 Reestablish upstream access to areas which have been blocked for resident fish passage by landuse activities	Replacement of existing culvert with an open bottom culvert sized to a 1 in 100 year flood event and with a width equal to or greater than the average bankfull width of the creek. Complexing and armouring of the pool below the culvert with LWD rootwads keyed into the bank and ballasted with boulders. Planting of conifers and shrubs to improve banks stability on the creek between the road crossing and its confluence with Buck Creek 0.6 ha of planting. Conifer planting sites will be manually brushed and screefed. through existing vegetation. Shrubs red osier dogwood, highbush cranberry will be planted densely on banks where required. Design details are included in the conceptual prescription drawing see over	Soto, 1997a Soto, 1997b WRP Technical Circular 9, Chapter 5 and 6 Donat, 1995 Chatwin et al, 1994Survey and Design Work Required Engineering survey to create planprofile drawings and proper design specifications for bridge and installation features. Creation of field report summarizing detailed cost estimate, engineering drawings and design specifications and workplan. Silviculture Prescription formulation, site visit with RPF, and RPF signoff.Survey and Design Cost Estimate Engineering Survey FeesProfessional engineer for 6 days600day3600, two surveyors for one day300day600 Total4200 Engineering Survey Expenses Equipment and vehicle rental250, per diems150, travel and accomodation3000, report materials500, project management and administration500 Total4400 Silviculture Prescription Ecologist for 2 days300day, RPF for 1 day500day500 expenses Total1600 Total cost estimate 10 200Estimated Cost of Implementing Works Culvert Replacement14 000 Related works rock armouring, baffling10 000 Complexingarmouring pool with rootwadsacquiringmoving LWD500, acquiringmoving boulders250, materials placement excavator x 1 day1600, cabling and fastening labourmaterials1000 Total 2350 Riparian planting 2400 labour 600 conifer stock Total3000 Total cost estimate 29 350
Buck	Buck	1	1	BUC004,006 and 007	2	0980 to 1650	–	6030871.326	651985.231	Private municipal	Channelizing of both banks and diversion of creek away fromtownsite. Has lead to major habitat simplification, downstream sedimentation anderosion, and aggradation upstream and downstream, as well as loss of floodplain andriparian function within the channelized section.	To increase the spatial complexity of salmonid habitat and decrease streampower in this section, thereby mitigating impacts downstream.	1 Reestablish spatial habitat diversity and quality, and hydraulic energy dissipation in areas that have been channelized. A longterm goal which requires cooperation between private landowners and regulatory agencies is the dechannelizing of these areas and their reconnection to normal floodplain functioning, which is beyond the scope of this project.	See Emerson reach 1 or Richfield reach 1 for an example of prescription concept. With an interval of 67 channel widths between structures 100120 metres there will a total of 8 to 9 riffle, weir, or groyne structures required. Average riffle length should be based on maintaining a 10 101 slope on the riffle face. Material sizing should be approximately the average D 23.5 cm times a safety factor of 1.5. This would yield materials sizes in the vicinity of 3536 cm on the baxis diameter.	Newbury et al., 1997 Soto, 1997 Donat, 1995 Newbury and Gaboury, 1993
Buck	Buck	1	2	BUC010012	2	0 metres to 0980 metres	–	6029829.253	652745.065	Private, municipal	Increased water velocities generated in the straight channelizedsection are leading to a gradual strightening of the channel pattern donwstream, asavulsions are slowly occurring. These will eventually lead to a straight channel all theway to the mouth.	Maintain channel morphology and prevent forthcoming avulsions.	1 Not in master plan objectives.	Bank armouring of ouside meander banks at the edge of the bankfull width below the existing channelized section to maintain channel morphology and prevent avulsions. Energies are too high here to consider the use of organic materials, so large angular rock structures to bankfull height are prescribed. All rock toe armouring should be installed to below the deepest portion of the thalweg to prevent scouring and undercutting of bank toes and therefore structure failure. The structures should be appropriately engineered to withstand 1 in 50 to 1 in 100 year flood events. Structures should not infringe on the bankfull width, but should be installed at either edge of the bankfull width, allowing the channel to adjust its pattern somewhat to changes in discharge. Riparian prescriptions outline riparian restoration to be carried out in concert with this prescription to restore stream shading and longterm LWD supply.	WRP Technical Circular 9, Chapter 6 Donat, 1995
Buck	Buck	2	1	–	2	1700 metres upstream from the reach 12 break. UTM 9.6028000.653720	9	6028000	653720	Private, lot 2094	Loss of sediment storage function at geomorphic notch point logjams at canyon mouth due to decreasing upstream LWD supply and an altered basinrunoff regime. This is leading to cumulative sediment impacts propogating downstreamand exacerbating impacts there.	Reestablish log jam in geomorphic notch point to store upstream sediment andLWD.	3 Reestablish sediment storage functions such as log jams in geomorphic notch points where they are lacking. Maintain anadromous access through these areas in concert with the former goal where applicable.	See Buck Creek reach 4 for example of prescription concept. Construction of one debris catcher on each side of channel using 5060 cm dbh conifer stems and boulders. Boulders are cabled to stems for ballast, and main logs are keyed into banks up to 3 metres of their length. Logs used in debris catchers are to be 69 metres long. As opposed to the prescription presented for Buck Creek reach 4, these debris catchers are to be constructed approximately across from each other. With a Chezy velocity of 1.82 ms, ballast requirements should be identical to Buck reach 4 prescription unless longer logs are used. Assuming five equally sized logs, the ballast requirements for the structure with 9 metre long logs is 180 kgm x 45 m 8100 kg. Using one large anchor boulder a third of the ballast requirements and four smaller anchor boulders, ballast requirements could be met with one 1.3 metre diameter boulder 2430 kg and four 0.95 metre diameter boulders 1420 kg.	WRP Technical Circular 9, chapter 9
Buck	Buck	4	1	–	2	5350 metres upstream from the reach 34 break. UTM 9.6019120.652980.Nearest road access at Buck Flats road, approximately 500 metres downstream.	9	6019120	652980	Private, lot 5205	Loss of sediment storage function at geomorphic notch point logjams at canyon mouth due to decreasing upstream LWD supply and an altered basinrunoff regime. This is leading to cumulative sediment impacts propogating downstreamand exacerbating impacts there.	Reestablish log jam in geomorphic notch point to store upstream sediment andLWD.	III. Reestablish sediment storage functions such as log jams in geomorphic notch points where they are lacking. Maintain anadromous access through these areas in concert with the former goal where applicable.	Construction of two staggered lateral debris catchers to catch logs and create a full spanning log jam at the notch point. The downstream debris catchers will be approximately 2530 linear metres below the upstream catcher. A staggered configuration on such a sharp bend in the creek will enhance the potential and effectiveness of creating a fullspanning log jam. The lack of floodplain here will minimize the probability of lateral movement compromising the integrity of the works. Construction will consist of a five log triangular configuration ballasted with cabled boulders. Main logs are to be keyed into the bank. Suggested dimensions for logs are 5060 cm dbh and 6 m lengths. Logs should be coniferous stock to maximize longevity. Ballast requirements for each entire structure, based on singlelog calculations for ballast, are 5400 kg. One large boulder and four smaller boulders are suggested. The largest boulder is to be cabled to the apex of the structure in the area of greatest stress and loading. Smaller boulders are cabled to single logs throughout the debris catcher to enhance the integrity of logs keyed into the bank. Suggested specifications for the largest boulder are 1.1 metres baxis diameter 2000 kg, and the four smaller boulders are 0.8 metres diameter 850 kg each.	WRP Technical Circular 9, chapter 9 Streamlines WRP technical bulletin vol.3, no.2, pgs.1718
Bulkley	Bulkley River	1	1	BUL29 and BUL32	1	Site 1 4553 to 4750 metres UTM 9.6030100.648600 upstream from theBulkleyMorice confluence and Site 2 5940 to 6080 metres UTM9.6029800.649100 upstream from the BulkleyMorice confluence. Both sites aredownslope from the Michelle Bay FSR.	9	6030100	648600	Private, lots 2114 and 2116	Subsurface and surface runoff diversion and concentrationdownslope by the Michelle Bay FSR both sites and a section of the old highway site 1are causing extensive surface erosion and slumping of the valley walls. These sites arelarge sources of fine sediment in runoff and mass movements to the Bulkley River.	To stabilize slopes and mitigate fine sediment inputs from these sites to theriver.	V. Stabilize upslope point sources of sediment through consideration of surface and groundwater pathways, as well as shear stresses and toe erosion.	Survey and design and site visits with road and hydrologic engineers. Recompact and revegetate old highway road surface above site 1. Divert drainage at multiple points to ensure that erosive power of surface water is minimized on the road surface and downslope. Carry out FSRrelated rehabilitation through the WRP roadshillslopesgullies funding envelope. Carry out slope bioengineering as per riparian prescriptions when upslope impact vectors have been addressed.	Donat, 1995 Chatwin et al., 1994
Bulkley	Bulkley River	2	1	BUL63	2	3263 to 3852 metres upstream of the reach 12 break. UTM9.6033300.655300. TRIM mapsheet 93L.047.	–	6033300	655300	Private, lot 1166	Removal of riparian forest for hay farming upstream of a meanderneck led to extensive bank erosion. The bank erosion caused a change in the angle ofattack of the main flow thalweg on the outside bank of the meander downstream. Theincreased shear stress on the meander neck lead to an avulsion in the spring, 1997 flood.	To increase river sinuosity and channel complexity by restoring flow to originalchannel. Avulsion channel will be blocked off and revegetated.	No objective in master plan.	Consult with river engineergeomorphologist to ensure project is feasible and practical, and to size material to design specifications. Carry out riparian prescription to stabilize upstream bank erosion at hay field. Fill in avulsion channel with a matrix of SWD and LWD and typical unsorted sandgravelcobble granular spoil. Carry out landfilling by weaving wood and then adding spoil in successive layers, rather than all wood and then all spoil in two stages. This will ensure that all voids around wood are filled and subsurface flow routing will not undermine the works. Carry out bank armouring as required on upstream end of avulsion, and revegetate landfilled avulsion channel.	–
Bulkley	Bulkley River	2	2	BUL129	1	12860 metres upstream from the reach 12 break, and 0 to 150 metresupstream of the Knockholt Bridge McKilligan Road on the downstream left bank.UTM 9.6037350.660800.	9	6037350	660800	Private, lots 2617 and 2087	Severe bank erosion of finetextured soils and aggradation atagricultural hay land due to channel constriction at the Knockholt Bridge and removalof riparian forestsoil compaction by agricultural machinery. The channel constriction bythe bridge downstream of the impact site is causing bank scouring and erosion as a largeeddy is formed above. The circular motion of the eddy is undercutting the bank toe.	To rehabilitate the stream bank and stabilize bars, promoting sedimentdeposition and natural bar recolonization. To narrow the bankfull channel width in thisarea.	III.Increase bank stability through passive and active restoration of root networks at cleared land, and restocking of appropriate siteseries specific vegetation when and if upstream disturbances have been alleviated.IV.Stabilize extensive bars and promote channel narrowing and deepening where feasible and when upstream sources of disturbance have been alleviated.	Armour streambanks with whole logsrootwads 57 m in length, 4050 cm dbh, incorporating ballast, footer logs, and soil stabilizing vegetation as shown in conceptual drawing, and as described in technical references. Construct vegetated riprap groynes to catch sediment and increase channel roughness. This will act to decrease erosive power of the current in the destabilized area, and create excellent conditions for recolonization of extensive bars by shrubs. Carry out riparian prescription as outlined.	WRP Technical Circular 9, chapter 6 Donat, 1995 Streamlines WRP Technical Bulletin Vol. 2, no.3, pgs. 14
Bulkley	Bulkley River	2	3	–	2	Bulkley River floodplain overbank flow channels, downstream rightfloodplain between highway and river at the upstream end of reach 2. This is anextensive area of historic lateral movement and sediment deposition as the river channelbecomes less confined downstream of reach 3. See TRIM mapsheet 93L.048. The areaof interest is roughly bound by a square with corners with coordinates UTM9.6039000.661600, 9.6038500.662000, 9.6040100.662700, and 9.6039900.663200.	–	–	–	Private, lots 3467, 3313 and 200.	Extensive floodplain development for hay cultivation, anddiversion of the river has led to poor floodplain and riparian function and extensivesurface erosion during overbank floods.	To restore floodplain functions, rehabilitate riparian forest and reduce surfaceerosion of unforested and compacted soils by restoring and revegetating overbank floodchannels.	I. Restoring floodplain function and lateral channel movement where feasible to increase spatial habitat diversity and improve overwintering and summer rearing habitat, buffer high and low water levels and water temperatures downstream, and increase overbank sediment storage.II. Mitigate flood damage by overbank flooding and improve offchannel habitat creation and access to the mainstem on cleared land by revegetating and reconnecting floodplain flood channels and baffling them with LWD in key locations.	Assess and map feasible flood channels in this area for restoration, provided landowner cooperation can be secured. Using large cottonwood stems, baffle the floodplain channels with LWD. Stems should be oriented in twos in a vformation with the apex of two stems pointing upstream. This will promote deepening of these channels and concentration of the flow in the next overbank flood, rather than the opposite effect. Extensively plant the channels with shrub species and the margins of the channels with climax vegetation. There should be a 3050 metre buffer strip of vegetation around each flood channel. Fence the areas off to livestock if they are present.Note This is a relatively untested method and capital intensive prescription which mayyield significant positive results. The potential for a combination of restoring floodplainfunction and rare floodplain riparian forest and creating abundant offchannel habitat inthis geomorphically important and active area is promising. However, there is also asignificant risk of failure and damage to private land and the fisheries resource strandingand sedimentation of downstream habitat if the appropriate specialists geomorphologist, river engineer are not consulted. The survey and design phase is crucial in thisprescription.	–
Emerson	Emerson	1	1	EME2	2	0425 to 0535 metres upstream from mouth. UTM 9.6035500.641720.Walcott road and CNR railway crossing.	9	6035500	641720	Private, road and CNR rightofway, lot 741	Channelizing and straightening of creek on both banks throughbridgecrossing area has led to habitat simplification, loss of riparian forest andfloodplain functions, donstream bank erosion and aggradation and upstream aggradation.	To complex channelized section with hard structures, dissipate stream power,increase habitat area and diversity, and restore stream shading and overhead cover forfish through riparian shrub planting.	2 Reestablish spatial habitat diversity and quality, and hydraulic energy dissipation in areas that have been channelized. A longterm goal which requires cooperation between private landowners and regulatory agencies is the dechannelizing of these areas and their reconnection to normal floodplain functioning, which is beyond the scope of this project.	Survey and design phase including consultation with a river engineer andor geomorphologist. Construction of two attracting groynes and one set of opposing wing deflectors using hard materials instream. Structures are constructed at 27 metre intervals from each other. Attracting groynes are oriented 45o downstream from the bank. Rock material is placed in a trench dug to 1 metre below the bed surface to reduce the chance of undercutting. Lateral grade from the bank to the apex of the groyne is 150. The height of the groyne is the average wetted depth in the channelized section. Size of materials should be 25.5 cm baxis diameter or larger average D in riffles in this reach times a safety factor of 1.5. The opposing wing deflectors are constructed at 45o up and downstream from the bank on either axis. Rock material is placed in trenches dug to 1 metre below the existing bed surface. Lateral grade from the bank to the apex of the deflector should ensure that the bank end root is to bankfull height and the apex is 0.3 metres above the mean water level. Rock material on the upstream face should be larger than downstream recommended size in WRTC9 is 2 m diameter on upstream face. The interior of the deflector can be filled with smaller granular spoil. Low growing and overhanging shrubs are planted in the riprap as per the riparian prescription. Signs are to be placed indicating the riparian works to railway and road maintenance crews.	Donat, 1995 WRP Technical Circular 9, chapters 6 and 11
Emerson	Emerson	1	2	EME6 and EME7	1	0792 and 1080 metres upstream from the mouth, right bank. UTM9.6035400.641700 and 9.6035180.641500 respectively. Both sites are directlydownslope from the Walcott Road.	–	6035400	641700	Private, lot 741.	Diversion of surface and subsurface drainage by the Walcott Roadcausing two slope failures and inputs of sediment and debris. Sediment input is due tothe failures themselves and chronic surface erosion of the exposed mineral soils.	To stabilize and revegetate the slopes by altering drainage patterns from theroad ditchlines and using bioengineering techniques when the road works have proveneffective.	5 Stabilize upslope and riparian sources of sediment and prevent further occurrence of slope and bank instability when and if upstream sources of disturbance have been removed andor where restoration will have a high probablity of success despite upstream sources of disturbance, andor when passive restoration needs to be integrated with active restoration.	Consultation with road and hydrologic specialists to assess road impacts on drainage patterns in the slope. Road works carried out through the WRP roadshillslopesgullies funding envelope. Carry out riparian prescriptions to stabilize slope and filter surface sediments when road works have proved effective.	Donat, 1995 Chatwin et al., 1994

# below was throwing error
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# it was then not linking to TOC elements beyond Results!!
  # fpr::fpr_kable(caption_text = "Summary of  NCFDC (1998) prescriptions for the Neexdzii Kwah area.")

# this is the problem
  # kableExtra::scroll_box(width = "100%", height = "500px")
# https://chatgpt.com/c/674459e0-6c30-800c-8fe1-ad49e8b53979

4.4.5 Gaboury and Smith (2016) - Development of Aquatic Restoration Designs and On-Farm Cattle Management Improvements within the Wet’suwet’en irst Nation Territory

Gaboury and Smith (2016) outlines four general types of aquatic restoration designs aimed at improving fish habitat and passage in the bulkley river system: installing large woody debris and rock groin structures at eroding meanders, constructing riffles in channelized sections, adding riffles at backwater culverts to enhance connectivity, and reconstructing a fish bypass channel. These approaches focus on supporting habitat for steelhead, chinook, coho, trout, and char. Funding for the project was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada’s Fish Habitat Restoration Initiative and through in-kind support from landowners and West Fraser. Yinka Dene Economic Development Limited Partnership Inc. (YLP), in collaboration with LGL Limited, developed designs and management plans for 16 high-priority sites in Wet’suwet’en First Nation territory between 2015 and 2019. Related construction efforts are documented in Smith and Gaboury (2016) and Smith and Gaboury (2017), including work at at four of these sites in 2016 as well as Johnny David Creek at Highway 16 in 2017. Site locations and associated data from this report have been added to the shared GIS project.

4.4.6 Skeena Sustainability Assessment Forum (2021) - State of the Value Report for Fish and Fish Habitat

The Skeena Sustainability Assessment Forum (SSAF) is a collaborative environmental stewardship initiative established under the Environmental Stewardship Initiative (ESI), bringing together 10 Skeena Nations and the Province of British Columbia. The SSAF supports shared decision-making by integrating Indigenous knowledge, scientific data, and local values to assess the state and trends of key environmental resources, including fish and fish habitat (Environmental Stewardship Initiative 2019).

As part of this work, the SSAF State of the Value Report for Fish and Fish Habitat summarized conditions across the study area using data available up to 2018. The analysis was completed at the assessment watershed level and considered a range of environmental indicators related to land and water use, natural watershed features, and salmon presence. This first phase of work is designed to be built upon with improved monitoring and data over time. The amalgamated results have been integrated into the shared GIS project, and a summary table of indicators and spatial output field descriptions is included in Appendix – State of the Value – Fish and Fish Habitat (#app-esi) (Government of British Columbia 2023; Skeena Sustainability Assessment Forum 2021).

4.5 Future Restoration Site Selection

4.5.1 Evaluation of Historic and Current Imagery

As part of this project - we developed a system to identify the IDs of historic ortho photos for specific timeframes and areas within the Upper Bulkley watershed. The system is designed to be flexible, allowing adjustments to parameters such as input year and location, and it can be adapted for use in other regions across the province. Next steps include aquisition of photos from the province which will enable georeferencing, amalgamation, storage and analysis. Details on the system and the code developed are outlined here, with individual photo IDs for the study area available here. Of note, direct communications with the provincial Image Warehouse Specialist resulted in details of images available for the study area for 1949 and 1963 (prior to those detailed at the above site) - which at the time of reporting had not yet been updated to Web Imagery Search Interface or the provincial Base Map Online Store [Government of British Columbia (2024); Government of British Columbia (2025); pers comm Koraley Tylor - Image Warehouse Specialist]. We have included this information within the project code repository here.

4.5.2 Fish Passage

High priority fish passage restoration opportunities in the Neexdzii Kwah watershed include mulitple culverts on Highway 16 such as Richfield Creek, Johnny David Creek, and Byman Creek along with crossings on private roads, secondary roads and the railway such as Ailport Creek, Perow Creek, tributary to Buck Creek (PSCIS 197640) and Cesford Creek. Some sites have had past work (Johnny David) and others are currently progressing through the design process (trib to Buck) with details presented in the reports below - which are updated intermittently. Of note Irvine and Schick (2025) includes summary tables within the “Results and Discussion” section which detail all sites surveyed since 2020 and link the reader to individual reports and detailed site memos for each site (when available). Additionally, the top priorities within the greater Bulkley River watershed group are ranked numerically within the table includeing Richfield Creek, Ailport Creek, Cesford Creek and Johnny David Creek within the top ten.

Skeena Watershed Fish Passage Restoration Planning 2024(Irvine and Schick 2025)
Skeena Watershed Fish Passage Restoration Planning 2023(Irvine and Schick 2024)
Bulkley Watershed Fish Passage Restoration Planning 2022(Irvine, Wintersheidt, and Schick 2023)
Bulkley River and Morice River Watershed Groups Fish Passage Restoration Planning 2021(Irvine [2021] 2022)
Bulkley River and Morice River Watershed Groups Fish Passage Restoration Planning 2020(Irvine 2021)
Development Of Aquatic Restoration Designs And On-Farm Cattle Management Improvements within the Wet’suwet’en First Nation Territory (Gaboury and Smith 2016)

At the time of writing, lateral connectivity analysis had been run for areas of the Neexdzii Kwah and tributaries floodplains for railway only. The results of this analysis are included in the lateral_habitat.tif layer in the and viewable in the restoration_wedzin_kwa project. The results of this analysis and future analysis incorporating major roadways as well (currently under development) will be used to inform future restoration activities.

4.5.3 Local Knowledge for Riparian Area and Erosion Protection Site Selection

Numerous sites proposed for riparian area and erosion protection activities are are viewable in the restoration_wedzin_kwa project. These sites were selected based on local knowledge and landowner willingness to participate in restoration activities.

4.5.4 Delineation of Areas of High Fisheries Values

As noted within the methods - past work to spatially delineate areas of high value habitat known to be utilized historically for chinook and sockeye salmon spawning (among other data) undertaken by DFO, Arocha Canada and others has been stored within a secure location and linked within the shared GIS project. Tables of traditional fishing sites as detailed in A. Gottesfeld and Rabnett (2007) as well as Wilson and Rabnett (2007) have been extracted from the original documents and are stored here. Traditional fishing areas located within the Neexdzii Kwah as documented by A. Gottesfeld and Rabnett (2007) have been spatialized, stored within a location (outside of the github and mergin repositories) and linked to within the collaborative GIS project.

4.5.5 Parameter Ranking to Select Future Restoration Sites

A summary of an initial draft of GIS and user input parameters used to rank future restoration sites generated from the restoration_site_priority_parameters.csv file located here is included in Table 4.7. Outputs from an intitial proof of concept run are included within the shared GIS project and collated within Appendix 5 – Example of Potential Restoration Sites Prioritized. Please note that any parameters included in the Skeena Sustainability Assessment Forum - State of the Value - Fish and Fish Habitat assessment here can now be included in the ranking - provided the attribute to rank is added to the input spreadsheet and ranking weights applied.

# load the data
gis_params_raw_all <- readr::read_csv(
  "data/inputs_raw/restoration_site_priority_parameters_raw.csv"
) 


gis_params_raw_to_update <- gis_params_raw_all|> 
  # dplyr::filter(!is.na(source_layer) & 
  #                 !is.na(source_column_name) &
  #                 !str_detect(source_layer, "bcfishobs|bcfishpass")) |> 
    dplyr::filter(!is.na(source_layer) & 
                  !is.na(source_column_name) &
                    # remove bcfishpass, esi, local hab layers
                  !stringr::str_detect(source_layer, "bcfishobs|bcfishpass|chinook|skeena_east")) |> 
  # we know that tenures and the land ownership layers are problematic so lets remove
  dplyr::filter(!stringr::str_detect(source_layer, "whse_forest_tenure.ften_range_poly_carto_vw|whse_cadastre.pmbc_parcel_fabric_poly_svw"))


# grab the details about the source_layer as source_schema_table_details and then the 
# source_column_name as source_column_name_details
gis_param_details_prep_schtab <- dplyr::left_join(
  
  gis_params_raw_to_update,
  
  rfp::rfp_meta_bcd_xref(),
  
  by = c("source_layer" = "object_name")
)
  

# grab the column details
params_cols_des <- purrr::map2_df(
  gis_param_details_prep_schtab$source_layer, 
  gis_param_details_prep_schtab$source_column_name, 
  rfp::rfp_meta_bcd_xref_col_comments
  )

# left_join the column details to the gis_param_details_prep_schtab
gis_param_details_prep <- dplyr::left_join(
  gis_param_details_prep_schtab,
  params_cols_des,
  by = c("source_layer" = "object_name", "source_column_name" = "col_name")
)

# need to add back all the layers filtered out above - this should not be repeated but will do for now
gis_params_raw_all_updated <- dplyr::bind_rows(
  gis_params_raw_all |> 
    dplyr::filter(is.na(source_layer) | 
                    is.na(source_column_name) |
                    stringr::str_detect(source_layer, "bcfishobs|bcfishpass|chinook|skeena_east") |
                    # not accessible via bcdata 
                    stringr::str_detect(source_layer, "whse_forest_tenure.ften_range_poly_carto_vw|whse_cadastre.pmbc_parcel_fabric_poly_svw")),
  gis_param_details_prep
) |> 
  dplyr::mutate(url_browser = dplyr::case_when(
    stringr::str_detect(source_layer, "bcfishobs|bcfishpass") ~ "https://smnorris.github.io/bcfishpass/06_data_dictionary.html",
    TRUE ~ url_browser)
  ) |> 
  dplyr::mutate(is_wet_cultural_site = source_column_name == "wet_cultural_site") |> 
  dplyr::arrange(
    desc(is_wet_cultural_site), 
    rank
    # source_layer, 
    # source_column_name, 
    # column_name
  )|> 
  dplyr::select(-is_wet_cultural_site)
# dplyr::arrange(rank, source_layer, source_column_name, column_name)

# this is time consuming so lets save it as a csv and make this chunk conditional on the gis_update flag
gis_params_raw_all_updated |> 
  readr::write_csv("data/restoration_site_priority_parameters.csv")

tab_gis_params_raw <- readr::read_csv("data/restoration_site_priority_parameters.csv") 
  # dplyr::select(
  #   source_layer, 
  #   source_column_name,
  #   column_name,
  #   user_input,
  #   type,
  #   url_browser,
  #   # description_table = description,
  #   col_comments
  # ) |> 
  # dplyr::arrange(user_input, group, group_sub, column_name) |> 
  # dplyr::select(column_name, source_column_name, everything())

my_caption = "Example of parameter selection and ranking system to prioritize potential restoration/enhancement sites."

my_tab_caption()

tab_gis_params_raw |> 
  dplyr::mutate(
    url_browser = ngr::ngr_str_link_url(url_browser, anchor_text = url_browser),
    url_download = ngr::ngr_str_link_url(url_download, anchor_text = url_download)
  ) |> 
  dplyr::select(group:source_column_name, 
                user_input:rank,
                weight_value_low:comments
                ) |> 
  dplyr::mutate(sort = dplyr::row_number()) |> 
  my_dt_table(cols_freeze_left = 2, escape = FALSE)