1 Introduction

project_partners_text <- dplyr::case_when(params$project_region == "fraser" ~ "Since 2023, the Society for Ecosystem Restoration Northern British Columbia (SERNbc), with support from the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure, has been actively involved in planning, coordinating, and conducting fish passage restoration efforts within the Nechako River, Lower Chilako River, Morkhill River, Upper Fraser River, and François Lake watershed groups which are sub-basins of the Upper Fraser River watershed. ",
                                          params$project_region == "peace" ~ "The Society for Ecosystem Restoration in Northern BC (SERNbc) is working together with the McLeod Lake Indian Band, the Peace Region Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program (FWCP), the Provincial Fish Passage Technical Working Group (FPTWG), road/rail tenure holders and other stakeholders/partners to prioritize, plan and fund the restoration of fish passage at road crossing structure barriers within the Parsnip River, Carp River and Crooked River watershed groups. ",
                                          params$project_region == "skeena" ~ "Since 2020, the Society for Ecosystem Restoration Northern British Columbia (SERNbc) has been actively involved in planning, coordinating, and conducting fish passage restoration efforts within the Bulkley River and Morice River watershed groups, which are sub-basins of the Skeena River watershed. In 2022, the study area was expanded to include the Zymoetz River watershed group and the Kispiox River watershed group, followed by an extension in 2023 to encompass sections of the Kitsumkalum River watershed group, particularly where Highway 16 intersects the watershed."
)

cat(project_partners_text)

Since 2023, the Society for Ecosystem Restoration Northern British Columbia (SERNbc), with support from the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure, has been actively involved in planning, coordinating, and conducting fish passage restoration efforts within the Nechako River, Lower Chilako River, Morkhill River, Upper Fraser River, and François Lake watershed groups which are sub-basins of the Upper Fraser River watershed.

The primary objective of this project is to identify and prioritize fish passage barriers within study areas, develop comprehensive restoration plans to address these barriers, and foster momentum for broader ecosystem restoration initiatives. While the primary focus is on fish passage, this work also serves as a lens through which to view the broader ecosystems, leveraging efforts to build capacity for ecosystem restoration and improving our understanding of watershed health. We recognize that the health of life - such as our own - and the health of our surroundings are interconnected, with our overall well-being dependent on the health of our environment.

if (params$project_region == "peace") {

  cat("
This project builds on Society for Ecosystem Restoration Northern BC (SERNbc) work in:

- [Parsnip River Watershed – Fish Habitat Confirmations (PEA-F20-F-2967)](https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/Parsnip_Fish_Passage/){target=\"_blank\"} [@irvine2020ParsnipRiver]
- [PEA-F22-F-3577-DCA Restoring Fish Passage in the Peace Region](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_parsnip_2021_reporting/){target=\"_blank\"} [@irvine2022PEAF22F3577DCARestoring]  
- [Restoring Fish Passage in the Peace Region - 2022 - PEA-F23-F-3761-DCA](https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/fish_passage_peace_2022_reporting/){target=\"_blank\"} [@irvine_winterscheidt2023RestoringFish]
- [Restoring Fish Passage in the Peace Region - 2023](https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/fish_passage_peace_2023_reporting/){target=\"_blank\"} [@irvine_winterscheidt2024RestoringFish]
- [Restoring Fish Passage in the Peace Region - 2024](https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/fish_passage_peace_2024_reporting/){target=\"_blank\"} [@irvine_schick2025RestoringFish]
")

  
} else if (params$project_region == "fraser") {

  cat("
This project builds on Society for Ecosystem Restoration Northern BC (SERNbc) work in:

- [Restoring Fish Passage in the Fraser Region - 2023](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_fraser_2023_reporting/){target=\"_blank\"} [@irvine_schick2024Restoringfish]
")

  
} else if (params$project_region == "skeena") {

  cat("
This project builds on Society for Ecosystem Restoration Northern BC (SERNbc) work in:

- [Bulkley River and Morice River Watershed Groups Fish Passage Restoration Planning (2020)](https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/fish_passage_bulkley_2020_reporting/) [@irvine2021BulkleyRiver]
- [Bulkley River and Morice River Watershed Groups Fish Passage Restoration Planning 2021](https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/fish_passage_skeena_2021_reporting/) [@irvine2022BulkleyRiver]
- [Bulkley River Watershed Fish Passage Restoration Planning 2022](https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/fish_passage_bulkley_2022_reporting/) [@irvine_etal2023BulkleyWatershed]
- [Skeena Watershed Fish Passage Restoration Planning 2022](https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/fish_passage_skeena_2022_reporting/) [@irvine_wintersheidt2023SkeenaWatershed]
- [Skeena Watershed Fish Passage Restoration Planning 2023](https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/fish_passage_skeena_2023_reporting/) [@irvine_schick2023SkeenaWatershed]
- [Skeena Watershed Fish Passage Restoration Planning 2024](https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/fish_passage_skeena_2024_reporting/) [@irvine_schick2025SkeenaWatershed]
")

}

This project builds on Society for Ecosystem Restoration Northern BC (SERNbc) work in:

• Restoring Fish Passage in the Fraser Region - 2023 (Irvine and Schick 2024)

The health and viability of freshwater fish populations can depend on access to tributary and off channel areas which provide refuge during high flows, opportunities for foraging, overwintering habitat, spawning habitat and summer rearing habitat (Bramblett et al. 2002; Swales and Levings 1989; Diebel et al. 2015). Culverts can present barriers to fish migration due to low water depth, increased water velocity, turbulence, a vertical drop at the culvert outlet and/or maintenance issues (Slaney et al. 1997; Cote et al. 2005). As road crossing structures are commonly upgraded or removed there are numerous opportunities to restore connectivity by ensuring that fish passage considerations are incorporated into repair, replacement, relocation and deactivation designs.

Although remediation and replacement of stream crossing structures can have benefits to local fish populations, the costs of remedial works can be significant and the impacts of the work often complex to evaluate and quantify. Additionally, allocation of ecosystem restoration funding towards infrastructure upgrades on transportation right of ways are not always considered ethical under all circumstances from all perspectives. When funds are finite and invested groups are engaged in fund raising, cost benefits and the ethics of crossing replacements should be explored collaboratively alongside the cost benefits and ethics of alternative investment activities including transportation corridor relocation/deactivation, land procurement/covenant, cattle exclusion, riparian/floodplain restoration, habitat complexing, water conservation, commercial/recreational fishing management, salt water interventions and research.

Please note that at the time of reporting this document can be considered a living document. See the Open Source Reporting Framework section for details on version tracking and project documentation.